Ubuhle echibini eqandisiwe

Kusukela emakhoneni ezahlukene zomhlaba zezihambeli ziyafika kakhulu abathanda ubuhle Amazing echibini ejulile emhlabeni. Njengomthetho, bakhetha ukuvakashela ehlobo, ngakho bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi ubukeka amazing eqandisiwe iChibi iBaikal. Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi isimo sezulu elibuhlungu kweziningi zalezi zindawo, izinkambo ebusika engathokozela impumelelo efanayo ehlobo.

ulwandle olukhulu

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ososayensi, ama-iBaikal echibini endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kwakhiwa eminyakeni million 20-30 edlule ngenxa amashifu zomhlaba e ungqimba lomhlaba. Le ndawo namanje ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba engazinzile, ngakho lapho abagcini ngokujabula iziphethu eziningi ezishisayo, kodwa futhi eqandisiwe iChibi iBaikal uyakwazi ukwethusa obhekwe umlilo kusukela ngaphansi eqhweni, ukuze kunobufakazi bofakazi bokuzibonela.

Akhiwe East eSiberia endaweni engamamitha 455 m ngaphezu kolwandle, echibini inogu amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-1,800 nge ubude 636 km kanye ngenyanga ukhumbuza injalo.

I kwesigubhu ukujula enkulu cishe 1640 metres, evumela ukuba luthathe unendawo ehloniphekile kuqala ku-Guinness Book of Records, kodwa echibini uhlukile hhayi kuphela Ukujula kwawo, njengoba elungiselelweni.

Ukuba ichibi yemvelo ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile (20% reserves emhlabeni), echibini itholakala endaweni lapho imvelo ngokwayo enakekela nokugcina ebumsulweni balo. Namuhla, cishe wonke ugu kuyinto inqolobane imvelo, futhi ngo-1996 wangena iBaikal UNESCO, futhi into abantu kuqala ukuzizwa, abeza kuye, nephunga pine izinaliti, njengoba sonke ugu lwayo imbozwe amahlathi.

I ephulukisa izakhiwo elwa namagciwane of zezihlahla abawaziyo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Iqiniso lokuthi zizungezwe echibini, hhayi engozini. It zezihlahla ukuthambisa ebusika nokhahlo, okwenza kube 10 ° C kunakwezinye ku-Irkutsk esifanayo, elise km 70 nje kusukela kwesigubhu, okuyinto akuvimbeli, Nokho, leli qhwa ziphazamise amanzi alo kusuka Okthoba kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-April. Labo wabona isithombe echibini umnkantsha, ukugubha obala Amazing iqhwa, ngeke ubone kwezinye izindawo emhlabeni.

Isimo sezulu

Eastern eSiberia liyaziwa sezulu layo ngokucijile yezwekazi kanye abandayo, kodwa ukuthi iBaikal uzungezwe izintaba futhi ugu is ezembethe amahlathi zikaphayini, idale endaweni microclimate siqu. engavamile yayo wukuthi ubusika onomoya omnene futhi ihlobo, kunalokho, kuba cooler than kwezinye izingxenye esifundeni. Abangelwa yisisindo esikhulu kakhulu amanzi yakha isimo sezulu sendawo, izinga lokushisa amabanga lapho ingxenye wadalula kwechibi kusuka -21 ° C ebusika ukuze +15 ° C ehlobo, futhi kusukela -25 ° C kuya + 17 ° C elisogwini.

Kuyisimanga, kodwa inombolo Baykal futhi ezahlukene izinsuku sunny ngonyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, nakhu ecacile amahora 2350, kanti ngo Riga coast - amahora 1839 kuphela. Uma sicabangela isimo sezulu ngokwendawo, kuba sunniest Olkhon Isiqhingi (izinsuku 64 Ukuqhathanisa 49 ngoba iBaikal iyonke). By the way, ehlela phezu kwalo mancane amathuba nemvula.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ichibi liguqubele ngonyaka ushaye 125, kuyilapho ngesikhathi Olkhon efanayo kukhona 75 kuphela ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kulezi zindawo awavamile izimvula eside lejabulisa izivakashi, kwazise abaningi babo bamagange ukuza lapha, ukubona mirages abadumile.

Uma babazi ukuthi eqandisiwe iChibi iBaikal (isithombe ngezansi), kwakuyophumela ushintshe ukuzingelwa izipoki esithombeni enkulu adalwe Imvelo uqobo lwayo: kancane esibophezelayo yamanzi iqhwa elikuyo.

echibini esiyingqayizivele

Emhlabeni azikho ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngempela futhi icacile. Uma kwasekuqaleni kulesi sigaba kuthatha Sea Sargasso, obala of okuyinto 65 amamitha, eyesibili iBaikal ne Inkomba 40 m, nakuba indawo photic, zikhanyiswa ilanga, kuyinto 112 m, njengoba kufakazelwa Ukukhanya onothando lapho.

Lake amanzi nomoya-mpilo saturation kuhlaba kuyabonakala lapho eqandisiwe ice-bound iBaikal iphethini enhle kakhulu adalwe air Bubbles. I obala lake amanzi inikeza izilokazane ezincane abahlala kuwo, futhi ngezithako zawo iseduze distilled njengoba amatshe aligugu kancane.

Leli chibi sidla yimifula ezinkulu 336 nokusuka 544 kuya 1123 imithombo okungajwayelekile, esukela ukuncibilika kweqhwa ezintabeni noma uma sinda mvula. Angara - emfuleni kuphela ugeleza kwechibi futhi umphakeli eyinhloko yamanzi iBaikal iyona Selenga.

delta Selenga

Kwaba akhawunti yakhe amanzi cishe 50% umthamo echibini ezigcwalisa delta emfuleni, ezakhiwe nemingenela eminingi futhi iziqhingi ufihla kuka 1,000 km ^2. Kuleli qophelo, the eqandisiwe iChibi iBaikal ubukeka ehlukile kunaleyo ayinhloko ingxenye:

• Okokuqala confluence Selenga yiyona encane kuleli chibi, kanye nebanga phakathi amabhange salo km 26 kuphela (ingxenye yasakazwa uyalingana 81 km);
• okwesibili, amanzi afudumele emfuleni ukwakha phansi iqhwa podtaliny, ngakho ngisho kangako nge ukushuba abalulekile;
• Okwesithathu, ukuqhekeka akhiwa lapha kaningi ukumela engozini enkulu kulabo sesinquma ukuhamba ngezinyawo noma ngemoto ukuhambisa iBaikal, njengoba abanye kubo afinyelele kusukela isigamu imitha 4 amamitha ububanzi.

Okunye nemifula ingenisa khona ichibi, kancane, abadla izambane likapondo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ube nesandla ekwenzisiseni ukucaciseleka jikelele kanye obala amanzi alo.

echibini amagagasi

Akukhona nje idume obala of iBaikal, kodwa imimoya, ngamunye ephethe igama lalo beshaya ngesikhathi esithile. Siyabonga kubo, Mirror Lake kuyaqabukela onokuthula. Ngokwesibonelo, e strait Olkhonskiye ifomu esangweni umoya wave ukuphakama 4 m futhi confluence engajulile endaweni Selenga kwesigubhu befinyelela 6 amamitha.

Njengomthetho, imimoya enamandla qala lapha ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi obuyohlala ngokusebenzisa ekwindla. Bendzawo ababele wona amagama alandelayo:

• Verkhovik. Ifika kusukela esigodini engenhla Angara futhi kungaba nishaye ngaphandle kokuma kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-10, ngaphandle kokudala ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi eduze nogu, kodwa phakathi echibini ekuphumeni amadlambi emhlophe. ukuphakama wabo ongaphakeme ngo-Agasti, kodwa kuze kube 4 m ngoNovemba.
• Barguzin. Calm ngaphandle ipheshulwa umoya bayajabula bonke, njengoba uletha sezulu sunny esitebeleni.
• Kodwa mayelana Kultuk ayikwazi wathi, ngoba kuhambisana ukubukeka lina, kunenkungu kanye neziphepho.
• I esibi kunazo, ngesivinini ukufinyelela afika ku 40 m / s, - igcine sarma. It ebangela iziphepho ezinkulu futhi kungaba nishaye ngosuku, ngaphandle ukwehlisa ijubane yabo.

Lapho lezi imimoya nishaye ngoNovemba, kungenzeka ukuba agcine into eyingqayizivele: i-umnkantsha echibini namagagasi neze iphahlazeka ogwini. Abathwebuli ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene woza, naphezu kwesimo sezulu esingesihle ezinjalo ezimbi ukusula leli phuzu. Izithombe simisiwe echibini kungabonakala womagazini yodumo ukumboza izindawo eliyingqayizivele futhi izenzakalo zezwe.

izigaba isithwathwa

Le nqubo ithatha Adalberto isikhathi eside futhi iqala ukwakheka kuqala mncane ice ifilimu, okuyinto lula aphule wave. Khona-ke ngasogwini kancane kancane kwakheka ice Ukwakha-up kubangelwa amanzi ukuqanda ngokuthi abantu zaberegami.

Kukhona, lapho amagagasi ushaye ngokumelene amatshe, kukhona ice elilengayo uhlanganyela kuzo. Frozen iChibi iBaikal lukhipha omunye frost zokugcina. Njengomthetho, iningi nemifula ingenisa khona, ngamaketanga yiqhwa. Abaku -20 ° C ke uqala ukwandisa ngesivinini ikhasi ka 4-5 cm ngosuku.

Ngokwengxenye yayo esenyakatho echibini embozwe iqhwa izinyanga 6, futhi izinsalela elintantayo zeqhwa ingatholakala lapha ngo-June, kanti eningizimu kwesigubhu ice kunesithembiso izinyanga 4-4.5 nje.

Okubonakala ngaphansi kwe-ice

Lokho, mangaki kwamamitha eqandisiwe iChibi iBaikal, ukhathazekile ngenhla bonke abakhileyo kulo. Ngokuvamile, ukushuba iqhwa echibini thukela idlula 2 amamitha, sisivumele ukukhwela isisindo zokuthutha izimpahla ezingamathani angu-15.

Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi ebusika idluliselwe diatom ulwelwe echibini sendawo okungahambisani konakalise umsebenzi wayo ngaphansi eqhweni, kodwa kunalokho, ukwandisa biomass layo 100 g / m ^2.

ubunjalo Ngakho ehlakaniphile inikeza ukuthi ukwakheka ice emikhulu okubangelwa umehluko imini nobusuku okushisa, ubuso ice. Kulokhu, umsindo, ukukhiqiza ngesikhathi ushayisile, hhayi phansi kunabaphostoli amandla ezingontuluntulu. Imifantu kwakheka ice uwela oksijini, okuvumela nokudoba ukuze siziphilise ngaphansi ice okwatholakala kuze entwasahlobo.

landscape ubusika

Frozen iChibi iBaikal - kuyinto umbukiso iyingqayizivele ngempela ngenxa okuyinto kungenzeka ukushiya ikhaya ifudumele futhi ukuhamba cishe wonke umhlaba. Yena, omangalisayo nengemuva ikhefu umbono yaphakade esobala ice ukujiya lapho izitshalo ebonakalayo, inhlanzi kanye eqandisiwe eziningi air Bubbles.