Silicic acid nendlela osebenza ngayo

Silicic acid kwakuthiwa kuyinto ekhuthaza ka-silicon oxide namanzi. Kulokhu-ke isilinganiso izingxenye zalo kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile ngezithako zawo kungenziwa emelelwa ifomula. Kulokhu silicic acid nokuba khona amanani angalingani Silicon oxide namanzi, okungukuthi, kanye namanani ahlukene nemingcele n futhi m, kalula ukuhambisa esimweni esisodwa kuya kwesinye. Ngakho, n futhi m kuleli cala kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha eziguquguqukayo.

Okwazekayo, silicic acid ingalungiswa ngu basabela a silicate i metal alikhali (isib i-sodium) kanye acid "namandla" (isib hydrochloric acid). Ngale ndlela, esimweni khulula ezingase (okulungiselelwe), ezinye zalezi acid: metasilicic, orthosilicic nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusabela chemical esikhiqiza metasilicic acid:

+ 2HCl = + 2NaCl

Nokho, ukuthola okumsulwa silicic acid cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ngo izixazululo aqueous (futhi etholakala supersaturated) silicic acid inqubo polymerization iyeke isisekelo ukwakheka izisombululo colloidal nenkathi kunalokho esifushane khona. Phambili lezi zixazululo we ijeli ezakhiwe coagulation. Lilele ukusetshenziswa silicic acid, njengoba likhanyelwe gel ukunikeza Silica okuthiwa, esetshenziswa njengendawo desiccant futhi umswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa stabilizers ekhethekile, uzilungiselele kusuka izixazululo colloidal colloids esitebeleni (noma sols) okuyinto futhi uthole isicelo ekukhiqizeni.

Silicic acid kabi encibilikayo, thermally engazinzile futhi ibuthakathaka. Lapho ukufuthelana, noqhekeko we acid silicic okuyinto esashiwo yokusabela chemical ezilandelayo:

=

Libuye libe acid ntekenteke ilahle efanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu acid silicic izixazululo aqueous is abangenamakhaya carbonic acid esuka nosawoti zalo ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba isibonelo, kungabonwa ekusabeleni:

= +

Silicic acid nosawoti zibizwa ngokuthi silicates. Banezinhliziyo ukusakazwa ngokwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, e uqweqwe eMhlabeni ikakhulu siqukethe silicas futhi silicates. Lezi zihlanganisa feldspar, Clays ahlukahlukene, mica, talc, nabanye abaningi. Silicates afakiwe ukubunjwa rocks - egwadle, le-basalt, nabanye. zinhlayiya silicate abanjalo amagugu owaziwa, okuyinto, ngenxa rarity yabo nobuhle kubhekwa eziyigugu like emeralds, itopazi aquamarine.

Iningi silicates zingaxazululeki emanzini. Okukhishwayo kuphela sodium silicates kanye potassium. Bangakwazi etholwe alloying ne hydroxide esihambisanayo noma carbonate. Ngokwesibonelo,

+ =

izixazululo aqueous kasawoti etholwe ngale ndlela baziwa "njengelinye waterglass". Siyobona ukusetshenziswa kabanzi njengendlela yokuhlanganisa ekukhiqizeni ngokhonkolo acid nemithi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni kwabo bonke putty nephepha glue ezaziwayo. Ngenxa cishe yizona ezisetshenziswa kabanzi elangabini bese waterproof bakhulelisa kubo imikhiqizo futhi kusetshenzwe ezenziwe ngendwangu, ukhuni ephepheni.

Silicates, njengengxenye okukhona aluminium, wathola ayetha aluminosilicate. Lezi zihlanganisa mica futhi feldspar, nakuba isakhiwo sabo luyindida kakhulu. Ngakho, feldspar, ngaphandle Silicon oxide ne -aluminiyamu oxide iqukethe oxides sodium, i-potassium ne-sodium. Ngo ukwakheka mica, ngaphezu aluminum ne-silicon, it has a-hydrogen, i-sodium noma ye-potassium, kodwa kungase kube, nakuba bungavami, futhi i-calcium, magnesium noma yensimbi.

Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa silicates e ngezimo esiphila kuzo ubanzi kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene. Intaba silicate amatshe asetshenziswa njengoba izinto zokwakha. Silicates lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi impahla eluhlaza e usimende yokukhiqiza, fillers ahlukahlukene, ezenziwe ngobumba, izingilazi, kanjalonjalo. Mica futhi asbestos ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa ahlukahlukene ezishisayo kagesi kanye ekuvikeleni izinto.