Impi Russian-Turkish of 1787-1791: Uhlu Imicimbi Main

impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, itafula okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi Ukubuyekeza wawungukuqhutshekiselwa phambili kwemvelo udweshu phakathi imibuso emibili engxenyeni kwekhulu le-18 yesibili. Phakathi lokulwa, izwe lethu wenza abalulekile inqubomgomo angaphandle impumelelo futhi aqinisa isimo sakhe njengesidalwa omunye ehamba amazwe aseYurophu.

izizathu

Akunakugwenywa ukushayisana entsha kucaca ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa isivumelwano sokuthula ngo-1774. Ngu ngokwalokho okwashiwo kuso, Russia esekwazi ukungena oLwandle Olumnyama, eCrimea kwathiwa ezimele kusukela iziphathimandla Turkish. impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, etafuleni "Ubangela ukungqubuzana" ezenzakalweni ethulwa kule ngxenye, wasuka yokuthi Turkey wafuna okuziphindiselela ukwazi isikhundla yayo yangaphambili, lost on Eastern Front.

Lokhu kwaphinde kwandulelwe uchungechunge lwezenzakalo eziye nakakhulu isikhundla ezweni lethu kule ndawo. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, waba umbusi we YaseCrimea Khan, owayeneminyaka ngaphansi kwethonya ubuholi Russian. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, wadela kwesihlalo sobukhosi enhlonhlweni lidlule eRussia. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-King Georgian usayine inkontileka ne ezweni lethu, Georgia ne Russia baba ngaphansi okuyinto umbimbi.

Ngobusuku obandulela ubutha

Against isizinda letimphumelelo ku umbono womphakathi umxhwele uhambo uCatherine II New Russia, esibahlomisela Potemkin. Ubethula ephelezelwa Umbusi wase-Austria, owaba sizana wakhe. impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, etafuleni okubonisa izinguquko sina geopolitical, uye kakhulu kwaba ngenxa lezi zenzakalo. Turkey bafaka ugwayi katiki ukuba iziphathimandla zaseRussia, bafuna ukubuya eCrimea, ukuhlolwa Russian lwemikhumbi ukuthi badabula iDardanelles kanye nokubuya lokusebenzisa amandla akhe phezu Georgia. Isidingo sinqatshiwe, okwaholela kokugqashuka impi.

Impi yokuqala

impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, etafuleni "Izehlakalo zokhiye" okubonisa impumelelo izingalo isiRashiya, baqala nge ukunqotshwa amabutho Turkish e Kinburn. amabutho Russian eholwa Suvorov, ngubani wamelana imizamo isitha yalisebenzisa leli inqaba. Empeleni, kwaba ukunqoba ezinkulu kuqala, okuyinto igcwaliswe ngonyaka lokuqala lalo mkhankaso. Esinye isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando nonyaka kwaba impumelelo nakwezombusazwe ezweni lethu, owakhombisa yazuza ukusekela Umbusi wase-Austria.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Jikelele Tekeli ihlelwe eziningana kuphangwa yimpumelelo phezu Kuban esifundeni. Umzamo Okwesibili wasithatha inqaba lesitha, owabekwa ebusika, futhi kuhlulekile. Khona-ke umyalo Turkish bagxila yonke imizamo yabo eDanube, ilungiselela okunye ukuhlasela.

Battles of 1788

Impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, okubandakanya itafula, ngabe sengithi eyisisekelo yezenzakalo, kuphawulwa ngokunqoba okhazimulayo ibutho Suvorov futhi Potemkin, okwathi ngemva ukuvinjezelwa Storming le nqaba Ochakov wamthatha ukuthi kwaba buhlungu emibi kulowo Turkish kobuholi ezempi, owabe waphoqeleka ukuba bahlehlise amacebo kuhlaselwa Bender. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nomkhankaso wempi wajoyina amabutho Austrian iphansi kwesandla sika-Lassie, kodwa amaqhinga akhe sishaye bamabutho empi okwaholela baphazamiseka. Rumyantsev wayala amasosha Podolia, kodwa lapha kuze kube ukushayisana, ke akazange afike.

ukunqoba okukhulu

impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, etafuleni Sizokwenza inkundla eyinhloko yempi, imakwe ukunqoba okukhulu ngoba izikhali yasekhaya, okuyinto uyakhazinyuliswa lempi abaholi kanye nemisebenzi abaphathi. Ngonyaka olandelayo waqala nalokho Potemkin wathutha amabutho akhe esikhulu ukuze Bender. amabutho Turkish, esikhundleni salokho, wazama usivikele ihamba, kodwa Suvorov wahlasela isitha ngesikhathi Focsani. Khona-ke vizier waphinde waphumela lo offensive, kunqunywa ukusizakala buthakathaka izikhundla waseRussia eMoldova. Ukuwela iDanube, ebhekene amabutho Suvorov futhi Prince Coburg, ngubani futhi wanqoba amabutho Turkish. impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, etafuleni "umbimbi" ngokukhethekile ubonisa ukuthi amabutho Austrian baye basekela ngokumelene abaseTurkey.

Lezi impumelelo enkulu uqede konyaka impi yesibili. Ukunqoba yebutho Russian sina ukwethuka le Prussian, umbuso waseBrithani ngezikhali, okuyinto kwaphoqa kakhulu ePort ukuqhubeka empini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngawo lowo nyaka, amabutho Austrian matasa Bucharest Belgrade, okuyinto buthaka kakhulu isikhundla Turkish.

1790

impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, etafuleni "Abaholi" elibonisa isakhiwo eziyisisekelo umyalo, ngonyaka ngenhla langena umvuthwandaba walo. Kulo nyaka waqala kwenkinga ukuze Austrians, ngubani lahluleka ukumelana abaseTurkey, okwaholela yokuthi lo mbusi ivumile izingxoxo zokuthula futhi empeleni aphuma impi. impi Russian-Turkish ka 1787-1791, etafuleni "oMfelandawonye Russia" libonisa ukulingana kwamandla phakathi kwamaqembu alwayo. Nokho, uCatherine II akazange iqhaza izingxoxo zokuthula, namabutho Russian baqhubeka elwa.

I-Turks wazama ukuba bahlasele eCrimea, kodwa kabili bashaywa emuva ngu ngoxhaxha Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-FF Ushakov. Khona-ke Potemkin waqhubeka ecasula futhi athumba eminingana ebekiwe isitha, kodwa inqaba Izmail owawuse. Umhlahlandlela Suvorov wathatha ezikhukhula. Wayelethwa ukulungiselela ke ngokucophelela, olwenziwe ososayensi ebusuku: amasosha ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe bahlasela izinqaba esikhashana okusikhumbuza izakhiwo isitha. Wathumela ultimatum yakhe edumile ku-Turks and ngemuva kokuhluleka wahola amabutho ku okuhlaselayo. Omunye amakholomu elaliholwa Kutuzov. I inqaba sathathwa, ukuthi, eqinisweni, kwakusho senguquko empini. gone ngempumelelo nokulwa olwandle, ekunqobeni ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuyisimo impi ka Fidonisi futhi Kaliakra.

ekupheleni

Impi yaphela lapho kusayinwa umthetho-okulandelayo Jassy emhlabeni, lapho Russia wagcina onke zigqila, Nokho ezindaweni ezifana Wallachia, eMoldavia futhi eBessarabia, kwadingeka ayeke Turkey. Lokhu impi uye waqinisa isikhundla sakhe esiphakeme ayesinikwe wezizwe umbuso isiRashiya, futhi waqinisa isikhundla salo woLwandle Olumnyama, okwakuyinto ebalulekile ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa izimoto wezwe nokuqashelwa omhlaba.