Babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo

Komphakathi umphakathi babhekane nezinga elikhulu kuyinto inhlangano ephethwe yisigungu sesonto futhi lenqwaba ku zokwakheka eziningana Society (kwezakhi), sebuningini tikhungo tetenhlalo kanye ubudlelwano phakathi kwazo. Kwezakhi ngamaqembu eziningi zabantu ukuthi kuhluke isakhiwo umphakathi esimweni ayekuso.

Ngokusho ososayensi, babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo ngokusekelwe ekungalinganini emphakathini yemvelo yabantu. Kulokhu, nenqubo ezivukayo nokungalingani zibhekwa abalobi ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ngakho, ngokuvumelana Marx, isici esiyinhloko siwukuthi ezingeni imali futhi bezindawo. Weber ukungezwa la malungiselelo nokuqashelwa yezenhlalakahle yomuntu okuqondene inqubomgomo kahulumeni. Ngokusho imfundiso yokuziphendukela babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo Pitirima Sorokina, ngasesinqeni se ukuhlukana bokungafani ekusakazeni amalungelo, imisebenzi kanye nezibopho zabo emphakathini. Ngokusho kwakhe, isikhala umphakathi, kanye nezinye yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehlukana kungaba kwenziwe nge umsebenzi, ubuzwe, inkolo, ubuzwe kanye nokunye.

Ngokomlando, kwakhiwa babhekane nezinga elikhulu komphakathi nge umsuka umphakathi. With ukuvela lithi kuqala babhekane nezinga elikhulu obuqinile, kodwa kamuva, ku ngemuva yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, kancane kancane sashintsha.

Sociology ihlukanisa izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zokuqonda le division of umphakathi: lombhalo, ubugqila, ekilasini, ikilasi. Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu okuqala nobuntu imiphakathi avaliwe, kanti isixuku esikhulu libhekisela uhlobo emphakathini ovulekileko.

babhekane nezinga elikhulu Social siqala ukuvela endulo, ngesikhathi ukuvela lobugqila. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ukungalingani: classical (isigqila akanayo amalungelo ungumnikazi impahla) futhi lapho indoda iyikhanda (senceku bhunga amalungelo ilungu omncane umndeni). Ubugqila yayisekelwe ukusetshenziswa kodlame oqondile. Amaqembu abantu zazihlukaniswe ku ukungabi noma khona amalungelo abo ngokwanele.

Eyesibili ohlelweni ngokwahlukana kufanele kuhlukaniswe lombhalo uhlelo. Lombhalo iqembu womphakathi lapho ubulungu idluliswe ngokuzalwa. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, ukuhambisa eqenjini eyodwa kuya kwenye akunakwenzeka. Ukuze lokhu kufanele azalwe. Lokhu babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo luvame India. Kuleli zinga, umphakathi sehlukaniswe castes ezine eziyinhloko:

- abefundisi (brähmaëas);

- abathengisi (vaisyas);

- amaqhawe (Kshatriyas);

- abasebenzi, ababazi, abalimi (Sudras).

Kukhona futhi "abakhishwa inyumbazane." They ncisheka cha fanele kunoma lombhalo bese hlala izikhundla aphansi emphakathini.

Ngu kwezintathu babhekane nezinga elikhulu isakhiwo kufanele kube ekilasini ngononina. Class kuchazwa ngokuthi amaqembu nemithetho esinqunyiwe noma imisebenzi namasiko kanye namalungelo adluliselwe libe yifa lenu. Njengomthetho, kukhona ikilasi ecindezelwe nelungelo emphakathini. Ngokwesibonelo, kuleli zwe Western Europe Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa kwabefundisi yezikhulu. Kuze kube ngo-1917 eRussia ahlukanisa kodwa abalimi unprivileged nabefundisi nginelungelo futhi kwamadoda asebukhosini, isigaba poluprivilegirovannuyu (Cossacks, isibonelo).

Ngu kwenye ohlelweni, esigabeni sika-umphakathi ekilasini ukungalingani. Ngokusho definition kukaLenin amakilasi - kuhlukile isikhundla isakhiwo ethile zokukhiqiza social kukhona namaqembu amaningana. Ukuhlukana Kwenziwa maqondana izindlela zokukhiqiza (ikakhulukazi yokubhalisa kanye livikeleke umthetho), indima enhlanganweni zomsebenzi emphakathini, ngakho-ke, ku-nokulungiselela kanye ivolumu encane benhlalakahle yomphakathi.

Esikhathini yesimanje umphakathi ngobubanzi ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa amazinga amathathu babhekane nezinga elikhulu: ephansi, engenhla futhi phakathi. Eminotfweni eziphambili ubuswa ezingeni isilinganiso zokupha ukuze ukuzinza komphakathi.