Izinhlobo amacembe ezihlahla kanye nemisebenzi yabo (isithombe)

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziningi kangakanani izihlahla eplanethini yethu, nge amafomu ahlukahlukene imiqhele kanye amahlamvu ngokwayo, zonke abazikhathalelayo into eyodwa - emoyeni uhlanzekile eMhlabeni kusuka carbon dioxide, okuyinto inombolo okungakaze kubonwe Ufaka imvelo isintu, umhlaba isilwane, indlela ehlukile. Kukhona izincwadi eziningi zesayensi kanye zemfundo ngokunembile le ngxenye Botany - ". Amafomu amahlamvu" Ukubukeka isihlahla noma izihlahlana indoda Ungashintsha, kokunikeza noma iyiphi, ngisho ukuma yinqaba. Kodwa izinkulungwane zezihlahla kanye namahlamvu izitshalo zihlala zinjalo.

"Umzimba" ishidi

Ihamba - kuba yingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni isiqu sama yisiphi isihlahla, isitshalo noma isitshalo. Composite ishidi ingxenye zinamagama: ipuleti, petioles, stipules.

Plate - lena ingxenye enkulu ishidi, kuba flat ababukeka has ezihlukahlukene amafomu, esizokhuluma ukumboza kamuva.

Petiole - is, uma sikubeka kalula, Isiqu ngawo ipuleti ishidi unamathele igatsha. Kwezinye izitshalo, le petiole lincane kakhulu noma akukho.

Stipules - okubizwa ngokuthi ishidi ezihlobene ukuthi kukhona phansi yayo. Le ngxenye leaf, bambalwa abantu babone futhi bazi. Iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo kakhulu stipules ewa phambi shidi zisashisa ngokugcwele. Okukhishwayo kuphela ezinye zezinhlanzi, ezifana Acacia.

Ukwahlukaniswa Botanical izinhlobo ezahlukene amaqabunga. Izithombe abekwe ngezansi.

Okuvame kakhulu - namaqabunga evamile (noma elula). Lawa izinhlobo amahlamvu ukuthi yakhiwa iqabunga olulodwa. Kungaba kancane flat laphetha, futhi dissected, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, njenge-oak noma amazambane. amahlamvu Simple zihlukaniswe zenyathi ezintathu: lonke, Lobed futhi dissected.

Izitshalo kokuba ishidi elilodwa

Ekhuluma zemithi Kuhle kokusho ngokuyinhloko birch. Hhayi lutho kuyinto lesi sihlahla uphawu wezwe lakithi. Birch isakazeke kulo Nenkabazwe, kodwa ne lokuhlala ezinkulu lezi zihlahla zitholakala kwi insimu yase Russia. birch leaf - elula, okuqinile, ukuma kancane lwalugobile nge onqenqemeni serrated. Plate iyunifomu umbala oluhlaza, streaks - e ithoni. Ekwindla, njengoba yaziwa, amahlamvu birch iba phuzi.

Ukubuka esifanayo sisebenza amahlamvu nezinye ezivamile eRussia isihlahla - apula. lokhu leaf izithelo zomuthi ezinkulu, kodwa izici ezifanayo: it is okuqinile, kancane serrated ku emaphethelweni, umbala bushelelezi.

Aspen, Lilac, Poplar, Elm, futhi ezinye izitshalo eziye nse ifomu ishidi. Nokho, kuphela iphuzu Botanical umbono afane nomunye, umehluko zangaphandle, yebo, etholakalayo.

Eyesibili subtype - Lobed. Kuyinto esivela lolu hlobo eshiya ezinye izihlahla maple. A abaphila Ngokwesibonelo - leaf kuboniswe ifulege laseCanada. Amahlamvu zibizwa ngokuthi, ungaba ngamasentimitha uma "notch" ku imiphetho zabo musa idlule yesine endaweni ngokuphelele.

Kuyinto elula blade ishidi. Uma unesithakazelo sina e isihloko "Izinhlobo amahlamvu e-maple", isifundo kungathatha iminyaka eminingi. Lezi zihlahla ezingaba ngaphezu kuka-50, ngamunye okuyinto Okwaphawuleka hhayi kuphela izindawo, kodwa bheka: kusukela ukuphakama, amagatsha ifomu bese isiqu ziphethe umbono amaqabunga. ngeke sihlale sicabanga ngalokhu.

I zenyathi yesithathu amahlamvu elula - is dissected amaqabunga. Ukuze lolu hlobo kukhona amaqabunga eziye ukusika engaphezu kweyodwa-ikota ishidi. Ngokwesibonelo, njengomuntu dandelion, tansy. Isikhathi esiningi, lolu hlobo ezenzeka ezitshalweni lekastvennyh nezimbali.

Ihamba nge isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Izinhlobo izihlahla nezitshalo eshiya akha iqembu lesibili ezinkulu - eziyinkimbinkimbi. Inxanxathela bebizwa ngoba amarekhodi ambalwa. Basuke ihlukaniswe Ternate, palchatoslozhnye futhi pinnate.

flora abameleli namahlamvu Ternate - engadini sitrobheli zamajikijolo asendle, clover. sici yabo esiwuphawu - amaqabunga ezintathu kwelinye petiole. Ukukholelwa ka clover namahlamvu ezine idluliswe isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye. Thola isitshalo akunakwenzeka.

Ngu palchatoslozhnym zihlanganisa ihhashi amahlamvu onsundu, ingadi lupin.

Ngu pinnate - amahlamvu raspberry, mountain ash, uphizi. Baphinde babe zenyathi yabo: ukuze paripinnate yilezo lapho ekupheleni isiqu sama amahlamvu ezimbili, ezifana ipea, futhi pinnate lingalingani - Rose, eqeda ezeleni linye.

Izinhlobo amahlamvu isitshalo (ipuleti ukuma)

amahlamvu Okuningi ihlukaniswa by uhlobo lamina:

1. Oyindilinga.

Lezi zihlanganisa unesitshalo, efana violet futhi ingadi nasturtium, e-aspen.

2. Okusaqanda.

leaf uhlobo kwenzeka Elm, hazel.

3. lancing.

Yibona e Isihlahla izihlahlana willow umndeni, kanye kusukela isihlahla esibizwa Loch esiliva.

4. Egg emise.

Lokhu amahlamvu igama konke ukhova eyaziwa

5. Ukuthuthukiswa.

ishidi okunjalo uhlobo evelele e okusanhlamvu njengommbila rye.

Ifomu ishidi base - isici ehlukile ngezigaba. Kususelwa kule ipharamitha. Amaqabunga:

• (Njengoba Lilac) amise okwenhliziyo;
• nesigaxa (Sorrel);
• ikhanda lomcibisholo (ikhanda lomcibisholo).

Ifomu ishidi kuwukwenza esingagwegwesi, ngensimbi laphetha, bilobate.

Itimu ahlukene - venation

Manje cabanga ngomphumela isihloko ishidi veining yayo.

Ukuze dicots libhekene venation reticulate. Kuyinto zezinhlobo ezimbili: palmate (lapho wonke ngemithambo aphume like isixha besisekelo esisodwa) kanye Cirrus (lapho ku ngemithambo legatsha main off ezincane).

Ngo monocots ngokuvamile kwenzeka venation parallel noma arcuate. Parallel - the ohlabayo amahlamvu (amahlamvu kakolweni, imihlanga), arc - amaqabunga ezibanzi (lily we esigodini).

A amaqiniso ambalwa ezithakazelisayo mayelana amahlamvu

• Yamathenda ishiya - Fern ngokuthi maidenhair-tonkolistnik. ohlabayo lwabo nemvelo nje akanawo.
• Iskrini sethebulethi amahlamvu - the putang utshani. Abantu bendawo bathi lokhu utshani nommese obukhali.
• Bangaphezu kuka-45 izigidi ezingu Amakhasi - e zamafiri.
• amashidi Ngaphezu ezimbili neze elimila zama-welwitschia.
• Water Lily "Victoria" has amahlamvu nge ububanzi amamitha angaphezu kwamabili.
• raffia entendeni leaf obuphelele - 20 amamitha.
• Akubona bonke izitshalo bechitha amaqabunga awo ebusika. Kunalabo ukuthi abizwa ngokuthi siluhlaza.

Izinhlobo nombala amahlamvu

Okumangazayo ukuthi, kodwa coloration ishidi ngokuvamile akusho umona noma iyiphi ifomu yayo, noma indawo. Vele watshala kuso sizalwa nawo kule imidwebo, yilokho kuphela.

Yini umbala ishidi yakhiwa? Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, cishe zonke izitshalo zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza ngenxa yokubakhona ezicutshini zawo sombala ekhethekile - chlorophyll. Le into esiza izitshalo silondoloze zhiznedeyaelnost zabo, ngosizo lesi sitshalo ukwenza i focus engakaze ibonwe: sasemini synthesizes glucose kusuka carbon dioxide. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, glucose iba zokwakha kubo bonke izakhi ezibalulekile.

Kungani amahlamvu phuzi?

Ngaphezu kwalokho i-chlorophyll isitshalo eshiya ziqukethe ezinye Umbala ejenti ezifana xanthophylls, carotene, anthocyanins. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, umthelela Umbala incane kakhulu, kusukela lokuhlushwa chlorophyll e isitshalo kwezicubu ngenhla ayinkulungwane izikhathi. Kodwa lapho kuqala ekwindla zonke izinqubo zokuphila sebeqala fade, inani chlorophyll iqala ukuze wehlise. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekukhanyeni holorofill ubhujiswe ngokushesha okungaka. Ngakho-ke, uma ekwindla libalele futhi afudumele, amahlamvu ngeke phuzi futhi ewa.