Duck umndeni: Incazelo namalungu omndeni

Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma mayelana abameleli Anatidae umndeni, okuyizinto iqembu elikhulu phakathi Waterfowl. Yibo labo aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala domesticated umuntu ezikhathini zasendulo. ukubaluleka yabo kwezolimo sikhulu kube yilolu suku.

Duck ezimpilweni zethu

umndeni Duck has kuka-150 zama, okuyinto yena, ihlukaniswe izinhlobo amane. I kokumethemba zalezi zinyoni owakhiwe umhlaba ezikhathini zasendulo. Kunezindlela eziningi ubufakazi. Izazi zemivubukulo ziye zathola izinsalela zamathempeli izinyoni (ukhokho amadada yesimanje), ogama yobudala ebalelwa ko-50 million.

Amalungu omkhaya namanje linendima ebalulekile ezimpilweni zethu, ngoba agcinwa abasemikhayeni ngoba fluff, amaqanda nenyama. Ezingasehlela akuyona indlela engcono kuthinta inani izinyoni ukuzingela kwezohwebo.

Incazelo umndeni

umndeni Duck, hhayi kuphela eziningi, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene. Abamele umndeni kuhluke kakhulu komunye nomunye hhayi kuphela ubukhulu, kodwa futhi umbala. Ngokwesibonelo, izinyoni isisindo ezisukela 250 amagremu (Afrika elibhekwa njengabaThwa ihansi), futhi kufika amakhilogremu amabili (Thulisa Swan). Abamele umndeni ube izimpaphe isici obukhulu embozwe amafutha amanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Waterfowl duck umndeni cishe njalo emanzini.

Izinyoni abe entanyeni ehlukile eside futhi nezimo, isicaba futhi uqhwaku ububanzi, umzimba kulayini inala yamafutha amaningi emzimbeni. Futhi kumele imilenze zimfushane, setha kahle ngaphandle, ne iminwe zixhunywe webs. Zonke izinyoni umndeni ayakwazi ukuthuthela ezweni, kodwa ukubhukuda kahle, futhi amanye aze ngisho yehle. Izinyoni ziyandiza kahle futhi akwazi ngesivinini kufike ku-80 ngehora.

Imikhuba amalungu omkhaya

umndeni Izinyoni amadada ayindlela monogamous ikhona futhi babe nobudlelwane eziyinkimbinkimbi zezenhlalo. Zikhetha isidleke eduze amanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ku zesiqhingi. Abesifazane isokhethi ulwelwesi fluff, okuyinto pre-bekha kusukela esiswini. Kwamazinyane bazalwa ababonayo, ikhula ngokushesha futhi ngenkuthalo asathuthuka. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izingane ingakwazi ukuzenzela ukudla. zidla, ngokuvamile ebusuku. Kasibili zonke izinyoni abanamahloni ngokwemvelo, ngakho zama sibaqaphelisise.

Kukholakala ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zawo babe izinzwa evuthiwe: iphunga, emehlweni, ukuzwa. Ngisho uqhwaku wedada ngesikhathi ukuzwela ezithile.

Duck umndeni ayiwona neze inyoni oyisiphukuphuku. Abaningi babo baye bahlakulela engqondweni, ezifana goose. Bona adlulisele nesipiliyoni anqwabelene ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye ukudla duck

umndeni Duck likhulu kakhulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela has a olwenzeka endaweni ebanzi. Bathola cishe emhlabeni wonke (ngaphandle Antarctica ibizwa). Kasibili ezinhlobo molt kabili ngonyaka: ehlobo lika ngokugcwele futhi kancane iwe (noma ebusika).

Ngezinye moulting izinyoni ngokugcwele ngisho balahlekelwe ikhono fly. Zidla on ukudla izinyoni yemifino: izingxenye oluhlaza izitshalo, imbewu, izingxenye basal zezitshalo zasemanzini amahlumela. Kodwa ukudla isilwane them is endaweni yesibili. inqubo yokudla senzeka emanzini futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo. Ngokuvamile, izinyoni musa ungene. Kusukela phansi machibi bathola ukudla, ezingena entanyeni emanzini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi phambili ngxenye yomzimba wakhe.

Ornithologists bakholelwa ukuthi uma duck waqala chithi saka emhlabeni wonke nomunye amazwekazi, ungaphakathi Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Futhi namhlanje bakuphi ikuyo yonke indawo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ababona kuphela e-Antarctica futhi kwezinye iziqhingi kwakufika olwandle. Isikhathi esining impela kwenzeka ukuthi omunye futhi zohlobo olulodwa itholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene, ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene khona (isibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisayo esipholile).

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi simo kwenzeka ngenxa ukuphambuka lokufuduka kwabantu imigwaqo izinyoni. Wayemane nje bayaduka futhi kuxazululwe on emazweni amasha emakoloni encane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, benza nezinguquko ezithile e umbala, isayizi, futhi waze wama ukuqhuba yokuphila ezifudukayo.

Cishe zonke izinyoni idada umndeni - Waterfowl. Ngakho-ke futhi ukuthi bahlala eduze kwamanzi, ogwini lolwandle. Ezinye kuxazululwe phezu isikhala ulwandle. Kunoma iyiphi emanzini, ungabona omunye bale umndeni. Futhi abaningi axazulule ngamabomu eduze nendoda, izingadi namapaki.

Uhlu izinhlobo duck

Duck - umkhaya omkhulu, okubandakanya subfamilies ezintathu: amadada, amahansi namahansi polulapchatye. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-150 zezitshalo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. White esinamakhanda nedada.
2. dive Bald.
3. Goosander.
4. Pochard.
5. Mallard.
6. Bean Goose.
7. Thulisa dada.
8. Swan-shouter.
9. Long-tailed Duck.
10. Eider.
11. Gogol abavamile.
12. Svityaz.
13. Shelduck.
14. duck elimpunga.
15. grey ihansi
16. Duck Tufted.
17. Black scoter.
18. Teal.
19. Pintail.
20. Garganey.

Singabona umndeni kanjani olubanzi amadada. Uhlu eyethulwe kithi, kukude ephelele. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa izinhlobo. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zazo kabanzi.

Gogol

Gogol (umndeni Anatidae) - duck diving, elingelakwaJuda zilwane ayimizulane ezifudukayo futhi imelelwa zenyathi ezimbili ezihlala eNyakatho neMelika eYurophu nase-Asia. Izinyoni ubusika eningizimu (kufika manje kufaka iMedithera). Isikhathi esining impela izinyoni ebusika e-Italy.

Bona isidleke ezindaweni ezinamahlathi eduze emachibini noma emifuleni emikhulu futhi ebusika ngasogwini noma amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngo-April nango-May izinyoni sibekele amaqanda 11, okuyizinto ke incubates zesifazane (zingakapheli izinsuku 29). Kwamazinyane bahlale umbhangqwana esidlekeni izinsuku, futhi lapho ngineminyaka engu-amasonto 8-9, baqale ukundiza. Njalo izinyoni ngonyaka ukwenza bamba eyodwa nje. Babehlale ubuthe ngamaqembu amancane, kuthi lapho agcinwa ukuphila. Gogol izimpukane fast ngokwanele, futhi kuqale ngemuva kokuqalwa emanzini. Powered ukudla inyoni wesilwane uthola ngaphansi kwamanzi, diving for a amamitha ambalwa.

Gogol (Anatidae umndeni) ine isici esithakazelisayo ukuhlela izidleke zabo kule izimbobo esihlahleni, izimbobo onogwaja yokufakelwa isidleke amabhokisi. Iduna libonisa ejwayelekile kokuzalela ukuziphatha. zinhlobo ehlobene kuyinto Icelandic Goldeneye (isidleke e-United States, e-Italy ne-Iceland) kanye smew kancane (isidleke Northern Eurasia).

Whooper

dada Whooper - inyoni lethiwa kusukela kwecilongo, eyanyatheliswa ngo-indiza. Whooper - lena izinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu, ingaba nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu eziyishumi. Zidla emanzini angajulile, submerging ngokuphelele ikhanda lakhe emanzini kanye noDina entanyeni yakhe phambi yingxenye yomzimba.

Ngaphansi kwamanzi izinyoni athathe izimpande izitshalo, imbewu, ukubamba ezingenamgogodla ezincane: izibungu, izinambuzane kanye ezinamagobolondo. Ukuthatha nyá kwamanzi kunzima ngenxa isisindo umxhwele. Ekuqaleni, izinyoni ithathe isikhathi eside ukuthi ugijima, izinyawo wachela amanzi, bese kancane kancane baqala ukwenyuka. Whooper ebusika enyakatho eMedithera, ogwini yoLwandle iCaspian, njengengxenye ezindizayo eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Swans uncamela ezivulekile: amachweba, amachibi, izizalo zemifula kanye yasogwini lolwandle. Nest ezinza aphasisa iziqhingi, peatlands, emathafeni, amachibi. Kusukela ngoMeyi, ekupheleni zikhwelwe iqala. Abesifazane abeke ezintathu amaqanda emihlanu bese zichanyuselwa. Kwamazinyane maqanda achanyuselwa ngemva kwezinsuku 31-42. Qala ukundiza phezu izingane zabo eneminyaka engu-amasonto 11-14.

Ngu zinhlobo ahlobene zihlanganisa emathafeni dada kokuba usayizi nesizotha. Le nyoni enyakatho womndeni duck izidleke, ngokuvamile ezindaweni Arctic ezintaba zase-Eurasia, ngezinye izikhathi lingatholakala e-Italy. Kodwa kwakukhona dada elimnyama e-Australia, futhi alethwa eYurophu njengenhlangano enezimpiko zokuhlobisa.

Mandarin

Ngubani omunye Duck umkhaya? Mandarin - kuyinto duck amahle kakhulu emhlabeni mhlawumbe. Yiqiniso, okufanayo uya Drake, kodwa owesifazane futhi ezinhle, kodwa ezinemibala kancane ngokukhazimulayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-duck usenayo igama lesibili - ". Duck Chinese" Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka lezo zinyoni kuhlobisa amanzi imperial eJapane, Korea China, ngakho abizwa Mandarin (tangerine - isikhulu esiphakeme e-Asia). Ngakho-ke, tangerines izithelo cha bekezelela maqondana umsuka igama.

Bird incane ngobukhulu nesisindo 0.5 kuya 0.8 kg. It kungokwalabo amadada ihlathi. Ubude ngabanye ukufinyelela 40-48 ngamasentimitha. Abesilisa abe colouration elikhanyayo kakhulu labasanda kushada. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-September kuya ku-July ikhanda nentamo, sideburns futhi drakes kwakhiwa Crest. Umbala livela elikhanyayo amanothi orange nge ushintsho onsomi, oluhlaza futhi ensundu. Uqhwaku lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i kuxhopha obomvu namanqina aphuzi. Abesilisa mihle kakhulu, kodwa abesifazane abanesizotha okuningi ngombala icebo labo ubuswa shades empungana nomnqumo ansundu. Mandarin fly kahle, futhi ukubhukuda kahle ngisho yehle. On izwe ukuhambisa ngokushesha okwanele. Kodwa izwi abanalutho efana Quacking evamile, nakuba zinezikhwepha umndeni amadada. Mandarin ishicilela popiskivanie noma ikhwela ongaphakeme.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Ekuqaleni uhlalwe lezi zinyoni ezinhle eMpumalanga Asia. ERussia, manje isidleke Territory Primorsky naseKhabarovsk, lase-Amur kanye Sakhalin esifundeni. Ngo ezisenyakatho Mandarin liziphathe izinyoni njengoba ezifudukayo. Ngo-September zindiza ubusika eChina naseJapane.

Mandarin babe isici esasenza: bayakuthanda ukuphila esihlahleni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola kuthembeke ukuphakama-imitha eziyisithupha. Ngale ndlela engavamile zokuphila wenza amadada bafunde ukuba siziphonse phansi sisuka ukuphakama ngaphandle umonakalo bona.

Mandarin ahlale eduze yetintsaba, phezu okuyinto alenga emithini, emahlathini eduze kwamanzi. ERussia lokhu zohlobo ngenxa ukusweleka yayo ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. Kwabathakathi amadada akakwazi, basuke yakhulela amapaki kanye izingadi njengenhlangano zinhlobo Ornamental.

Njengoba sishilo, izinyoni uncamela isidleke eduze kwamanzi, enika ntandokazi windbreaks. Ngesikhathi umyalo amadada besifazane kukhona diving ngqo emgodini bese afunda ukubhukuda. Ukudla Mandarin kuhlanganisa inhlanzi, mabhungane, iminenke, izitshalo, imbewu, acorns namaselesele. Ducks ukwazi ukuthi emoyeni avuke thwi phezulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi oki ekutshaleni kalula ukuthola ukudla kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Mandarin fed irayisi, okusanhlamvu amahlumela, nokunye okufana nokolweni.

Izici yokuziphatha of Mandarin

Kabili ngonyaka bayashintsha ngezimpaphe zazo. Ngo-June, abesilisa elachithwa izingubo zabo ezinhle futhi babe efanayo nakwabesifazane. Mandarin ukubuya ekuqaleni ivuka kulokhu kulala kwasebusika, ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi lapho akukho iqhwa wehla. Ngo nenkathi yokukhwelana kwenzeka phakathi drakes ubutha ngoba nabesifazane.

Ducks azalela amaqanda ayisikhombisa nane. Ngemva kwenyanga, kukhona kwamazinyane. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni nokubeka nabesifazane musa ukushiya esidlekeni, iduna uyazondla. Zonke ihlobo bobabili abazali abathintekayo emfundweni inzalo yabo, nibafundise ukubhukuda, ukundiza, ukuze bazivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane. Izingane esekwazi ukundiza eneminyaka engu kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amane.

Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, Mandarin ngempela linesizotha futhi ukuzwana kahle nezinye izinyoni kunoma iyiphi amanzi, ngakho avame ezifuywa eziqiwini futhi Arboretum njengenhlangano zinhlobo Ornamental, babanike izimo eduze zemvelo. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izinyoni ngeke akubekezelele okushisa ngezansi degrees ezinhlanu, abakwazi ukuphila ebusika emgwaqeni.

sheldgoose

Lokhu bohlobo iqukethe ezinhlanu amadada: ihansi toothfish, grey-upland ihansi, ihansi ebomvana abangenangqondo, ezivamile upland ihansi namahansi Andes. Habitat zezinyoni - Falkland Islands neseNingizimu, eChile, Peru. Sheldgoose abe isimo sokulondolozwa. Yidla ukudla inyama yenkukhu isitshalo, wakhetha ukuhamba imiphetho ihlathi kanye ezivulekile. ukudla abawuthandayo yilezi: izimpande, imbewu, amahlumela, amaqabunga, utshani. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo akahlukile nabanye abameleli duck.

Mallard

Mallard (duck umndeni) - ke mkhulu kakhulu emfuleni nedada. Ngaphandle, abesilisa zihluke nabesifazane. Banezinhliziyo grey umzimba, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela webele kanye ikhanda oluhlaza. Amadada Ukuphila nganoma iyiphi amadamu, ukuthi nje ukhetha ukwenza isidleke ezindundumeni, umhlaba, okungenani - emigodini, kwesinye isikhathi kungaba axazulule kungaphelele kude amanzi. Mallard kuvamile eYurophu. yenkukhu umzimba has a ungqimba obukhulu fluff. Izimpaphe ezinamafutha akahle ingxube oily ye ezikhishwe uwoyela ndlala ngakho duck liwuthole ezimanzi, nakuba ngaso sonke isikhathi emanzini.

Amadada kuthiwa ebhukuda ulwelwesi phakathi izinzwane abo ukubasiza ukubhukuda. Ducks fly kahle kakhulu, kodwa umhlaba hambisa bokuhamba kakhulu. Zidla on izinambuzane izinyoni, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, izimpethu, amahlumela, ukudla isitshalo. Kuyinto lezi amadada aqalwa domesticated ngabantu lasendulo.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Njengoba sesibonile, Duck umndeni - akuyona nje iqembu elikhulu izinyoni, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene. Amalungu ayo baphile emhlabeni wonke, ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba ezahlukene, kodwa ukuthi kunezimpawu ezibonakalayo emangalisayo efanayo.