Uyini umthetho wokubamba?

Kumuntu oye wakhetha ubunjiniyela bamandla kagesi njengomsebenzi wabo oyinhloko, ezinye zezinto eziyisisekelo zamanje kagesi kanye nezinsimu zamagnetic ezihambisanayo ziyaziwa kakhulu. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kulawa ukulawula kwe-gimlet. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunzima ukubiza lo mthetho umthetho. Kulungile nakakhulu ukusho ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezinto eziyisisekelo ze-electromagnetism.

Uyini umthetho wokubamba? Incazelo, nakuba ikhona, kepha ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuphelele, kufanelekile ukukhumbula izinto ezisisekelo zegesi. Njengoba kwaziwa ngisho nasenkolweni yesikolo ye-physics, umbane wamagesi ukuhamba kwezinhlayiya ezisemqoka ezithwala umshini kagesi kwezinye izinto eziphathekayo. Ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa nokunyakaza kwe-interatomic yamagesi e- valence, okuyinto ngenxa yesenzo sangaphandle (isibonelo, umshini wamagnetic), thola ingxenye yamandla okwanele ukushiya ukuhamba kwawo okuqhubekayo e-athomu. Masiphathe ukuhlolwa kwengqondo. Ngenxa yalokhu sidinga umthwalo, umthombo we-EMF kanye nomqhubi (ucingo), ohlanganisa zonke izakhi zibe yindawo eyodwa evaliwe.

Umthombo udala ukuhamba komqondisi wezinhlayiya zokuqala kumqhubi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwaqaphela ukuthi eduze kwaleyo mqhubi wensimu yamagnetic yavela ukuthi yajikeleza ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Ukubusa kwe-borer kungasetshenziselwa ukucacisa indlela yokujikeleza. Ukucushwa kwendawo yensimu luhlobo lwensimbi, phakathi nendawo lapho umqhubi ekhona khona. Kungabonakala: yeka umehluko, ukuthi le nsimu yamagnetic eyenziwe iziphatha kanjani! Kodwa-ke, ngisho no-Amper ukhombise ukuthi abaqhubi ababili abanesenzo samanje ngomunye nomunye amasimu abo, basebenzise noma bakhonyane, kuye ngokuqondiswa kokujikeleza kwamasimu abo. Kamuva, ngesisekelo sochungechunge lwezivivinyo, i-Ampere yakha futhi yaqinisa umthetho wayo wokuxhumana (ngendlela, usebenza ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi). Ngokusobala, ngaphandle kokwazi umthetho wokubamba, kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda izinqubo ezenzekayo.

Esikhathini sethu , isiqondiso samanje siyaziwa - kusuka ku- "+" kuya ku- "-". Ukwazi isiqondiso kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa umthetho we-gimlet. Ngokwempela, siqala ukuguqula isandla sokunene kwesibhamu kumqhubi (eduze kwalo) ukuze ukunyakaza okuholela ekuhumusheni kuhambisane ne-current flow flow direction. Kulokhu, ukujikeleza kwesibambo kuzohambisana nokujikeleza kwensimu yamagnetic. Ungasebenzisa esinye isibonelo: ukugoqa isikrini esijwayelekile (isibhotela, isikulufa).

Le nqubo ingasetshenziswa kancane kancane (nakuba incazelo eyisisekelo ifana): uma ugoqa ngokwengqondo isandla sakho sokunene nomqhubi wamanje ukuze iminwe emine eboshiwe ikhombise isiqondiso lapho insimu ijikele khona khona, isithupha esiboshiwe siyobonisa ukuthi umzila ohambayo ugeleza umqhubi . Ngakho-ke, ukukhulumisana nakho kuyiqiniso: ukwazi isiqondiso samanje, "ukumboza" ucingo, umuntu angakwazi ukuqondiswa kwe-vector rotation ye-field magnetic eyakhelwe. Le nqubo isetshenziswe ngokuqinile ekubaleni kwama-inductors, lapho, ngokuya ngokuqondisa kokuphenduka, kungenzeka ukuthi ithonye umthamo ogelezayo (ukudala, uma kunesidingo, i-counterflow).

Umthetho wokudoba usisivumela ukuba senze umphumela: uma ngabe isandla sokunene sibekwa ngendlela yokuthi imigqa yezinkinga zensimu yamagnetic eyenziwe ingene kuyo, futhi iminwe emine eqondisiwe ikhomba ekuqondeni kokuhamba kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhiswayo kumqhubi, isithupha esibekwe kuma-degree angu-90 sizobonisa isiqondiso se-vector Qinisekisa, okuyinto enesibindi kumqhubi. Ngendlela, leli qembu lenza i-torque engxenyeni yanoma yimuphi umshini kagesi.

Kubonakala sengathi kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa umthetho ongenhla, ngakho "ubunzima" obuyinhloko ukukhetha umuntu ngamunye ozwakalayo kuye.