Indawo yemvelo: izici eziyinhloko nezici ezijwayelekile

Indawo engokwemvelo yendawo engokwemvelo ejikeleza izinto eziphilayo, ukufaka noma ukuvimbela intuthuko yabo. Indawo yokuhlala ingabachaphazela ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, kuwo bayathola konke okudingekayo ukuze balondoloze ukuphila. Emvelweni, izinto eziphilayo zikhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-metabolic, okuyinto futhi, iqhaza ezinhlelweni zemvelo. Iqukethe izakhi ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo nezinambuzane, kanye nalawo adalwa ngumuntu ekusebenzeni komsebenzi wakhe. Lezi zakhi zinemiphumela ehlukene eziphilayo, zingalimaza noma zibe nomthelela ongathathi hlangothi, ezinye zidinga. Kuncike kulokhu, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphathelene nemvelo, futhi kulesi sihloko sizocabangela okujwayelekile kuzo.

Ukunqunywa kwemvelo yemvelo

Njengoba imvelo yemvelo eqinisweni, izakhi zendalo ezizungezile, ke, ngokusekelwe kulokhu, zihlukanisa phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili: imvelo futhi eyadalwa ngumuntu. Futhi, ukuqonda imvelo yemvelo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ububanzi bomhlaba wonke bunjani, ngoba singasho ngakho konke isikhala sezungezi esizungezile iplanethi yethu, futhi ngomqondo omncane ubhekisela kulolu biosphere kanye negobolondo yangaphandle yoMhlaba. Kuyafaneleka kakhulu ukuqonda ukusebenzisana kwezakhi ezahlukene zezwe elizungezile ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala, ngoba umbono wezinto ezitholakala esimweni esiphezulu awuhambisani ngokuphelele neqiniso.

Ngakho-ke, singakwazi ukunciphisa izingxenye eziningana zemvelo:

1. Iqukethe izakhi zokuxhumana.
2. Indawo engokwemvelo ingaqondakala ngezici nezilinganiso ezahlukene, kodwa isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi isethi yezimo zokuphila eziphilayo.
3. Lithinta impilo yezinto eziphilayo ngokuhlukile: okuhle, ngokungahambi kahle nokungathathi hlangothi.
4. Izimo zemvelo zemvelo kanye nezinto ezidalwe ngumuntu zihlukaniswe.

Okulandelayo, sizocubungula izimo zezemvelo ezima imvelo.

Imvelo yemvelo kanye nezici ze-abiotic

Lena yimibuzo eminingi esebenza kwimvelo engavamile. Futhi, ngokwazo, zihlukaniswe ngamakhemikhali nangokwenyama. Esigabeni sokuqala, isimo semvelo singabhekwa njengokwemikhiqizo yayo yamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamanzi amasha nosawoti, ngayinye yawo ingahle ibe nomzimba owodwa, kanti amanye angeke abe khona. Futhi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emkhathini, umhlabathi kanye nezinye izakhi zesikhulumi kubhekwa lapha. Izinto ezibonakalayo zihlanganisa izinga lokushisa lomoya, inhlabathi, amanzi, izinga lokucindezelwa, isiqondiso namandla omoya, imingcele yemisebe. Ukukhululeka komhlaba kanye nedatha yezulu nakho kubhekwe lapha. Njengamanje, izakhamuzi zendawo zinikeza ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesimo sezulu, esinomkhuba omubi wokuguquka ngenxa ye-anthropogenic factor.

Imvelo yemvelo nezici eziphilayo

Lapha, ukuhlangana kweziphilayo eziphilayo emhlabeni kuvezwa. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zidla ezinye izinto eziphilayo, zilawula abantu. Labo, futhi, baba indawo yabanye, isibonelo, izidumbu. Ezinye izinto eziphilayo ziphuza abanye futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwazo. Kulesi sigaba, ukulinganisa okumangalisayo kokukhona kwezitshalo nezilwane: owokuqala uyakhipha i-oksijeni, okudingekayo ezilwaneni, futhi, futhi, futhi kuyayikhipha ikhabhoni dioxide, okudingekayo izitshalo.

Imvelo yemvelo nezici ze-anthropogenic

Lezi yizici eziphakama ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Kungaba kokubili okuhle nokubi. Umuntu uyakwazi ukushintsha imvelo, ukuyijwayeza ukuze ukwanelise izidingo zakhe. Isibonelo, ukutshala izitshalo embonini yamalahle ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezihlungi kungangcolisa umkhathi ngenxa yokukhishwa okukhulu. Inkunkuma ingasuswa emifuleni futhi ingcwatshwe emhlabathini, eyenza izilwane zisuke endaweni engokwemvelo, zingase zife. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlangano ezizama ukubuyisela inani labantu ngabanye bezilwane ezisengozini, futhi lokhu kusebenza nezici ze-anthropogenic. Njengoba umsebenzi womuntu uhlukile kakhulu, ungathinta ngokuqondile noma ngokuqondile ngqo izimo zemvelo, futhi phakathi nekhulu lama-20, phakathi nokukhula okusebenzayo kwemboni, ososayensi bahlukanisa umqondo wokuthi "i-noosphere", okusho ukuthi igobolondo loMhlaba, eliguqulwa ngumuntu.