Ukuziphendukela kwezinkanyezi kusebenza kanjani

Njenganoma yimuphi umzimba wemvelo, izinkanyezi nazo azikwazi ukuhlala zingashintshi. Bazalwa, bahlakulele futhi, ekugcineni, "bafe." Ukuziphendukela kwezinkanyezi kuthatha izinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka, kodwa kukhona izingxabano mayelana nesikhathi sokubunjwa kwabo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, izazi zezinkanyezi zazikholelwa ukuthi inqubo "yokuzalwa" kwayo kokudinga izidakamizwa kudinga izigidi zeminyaka, kodwa kungekudala kakhulu, zitholakale izithombe zendawo yesibhakabhaka ukusuka kwi-Great Orion Nebula. Kwaphela iminyaka embalwa kwakukhona iqoqo lezinkanyezi ezincane .

Ezithombeni zika-1947, iqembu elincane lezinto ezinjengezinkanyezi lirekhodiwe kule ndawo. Ngo-1954, ezinye zazo zase zivele ziba yi-oblong, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, lezi zinto zahlukaniswa zaba ezihlukile. Ngakho okokuqala okokuqala inqubo yokuzalwa kwezinkanyezi idluliselwa ngokoqobo phambi kwazazi zezinkanyezi.

Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe indlela isakhiwo nokuziphendukela kwezinkanyezi ezihamba ngayo, lapho kuqala khona futhi kuphelile okungenamkhawulo, ngamanani abantu, impilo.

Ngokwesiko, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinkanyezi zakhiwa ngenxa yokunciphisa amafu kagesi othulini. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla amakhulu, i-opaque ibhola yegesi isakhiwe kusukela emafwini ahlanganisiwe, aqinile kakhulu. Ingcindezi yayo yangaphakathi ayikwazi ukulinganisa amandla okuvuthwa okucindezelayo. Ngokuhamba kancane, ibhola liyancipha kangangokuthi izinga lokushisa lentambo ye-stellar liyanda, futhi ukucindezela kwegesi elishisayo ngaphakathi ibhola lilinganisa amandla angaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukucindezela kuyayeka. Ubude bale nqubo buxhomeke ekubuneni kwenkanyezi futhi ngokuvamile kubanga kusukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwezigidi ezingamakhulu ayizinkulungwane.

Isakhiwo sezinkanyezi siqala ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu ngaphakathi, okufaka isandla ekuqhubeni izinqubo zomoya (i-hydrogen ezenzayo, iphenduka i-helium). Yilezi zinqubo ezibangela ukukhishwa okukhulu kwezinkanyezi. Isikhathi abasebenzisa ngayo ukutholakala okutholakala kwe-hydrogen kunqunywe ubukhulu bawo. Ubude bemisebe bubuye buxhomeke kulokhu.

Lapho izindawo zokugcina i-hydrogen seziphelile, ukuvela kwezinkanyezi kuya esiteji sokubunjwa kwe- giant ebomvu. Lokhu kwenzeka kanje. Ngemuva kokuphela kokukhululwa kwamandla, amandla okucindezela aqala ukucindezela le nucleus. Kulesi simo, inkanyezi isanda kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ukukhanya kwenyuka futhi kwanda, njengoba inqubo yokusebenza kwe- thermenium iqhubeka, kodwa kuphela ekungqimbeni omncane emngcele oyinhloko.

Le nqubo ihambisana nokukhuphuka kokushisa komgogodla we-helium enkonzweni nokuguqulwa kwe-nuclei ye-carbon nuclei.

Ngokwezibikezelo, i-Sun yethu ingaba yi-giant ebomvu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili. Indawo yayo kulokhu izokwanda ngamaphesenti amaningana, futhi ukukhanya kuzokhula ngamakhulu izikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkomba zamanje.

Ukuphila kwenkanyezi, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kuncike ebukhulu bayo. Izinto ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwelanga, ngokwezomnotho "zisebenzise" izinqolobane zamandla enyukliya, ngakho zingakhanyisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Ukuziphendukela kwezinkanyezi kuphelela ekubunjweni kwabantu abamhlophe. Lokhu kwenzeka nalabo abanobukhulu babo obuseduze ne-Sun, i E. Ayidluli u-1.2 wayo.

Izinkanyezi ezinkulu, njengombuso, ziphuthuma ngokushesha imali yazo. Lokhu kuhambisana nokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kokukhulu, ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yokulahla kwezingxobo zangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphela kokupholisa kancane kancane kuyingxenye eyinhloko, lapho ukusabela kwezikhali zenuzi kuye kwaphela khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkanyezi ezinjalo zimisa imisebe yazo futhi zingabonakali.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokujwayelekile kwenkanyezi kuphazamiseka. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubhekisela ezintweni ezinkulu eziye zaphela zonke izinhlobo zamandla kagesi. Khona-ke zingashintshwa zibe yi-neutron, supernovas noma izimbobo ezimnyama. Futhi ososayensi abaningi bafunda ngalezi zinto, kuphakama imibuzo emisha.