I-nitrate ye-Copper: izici eziningana neziqu

Igama elithi "nitrate" ekhemistini lisho usawoti wazo zonke i- nitric acid eyaziwa , equkethe ingxenye ekhokhiswayo ye-NO3. Ku-mineralogy kanye nezolimo, elinye igama elithi nitrate - "saltpetre" - lisetshenziswe kaningi, kepha lapha leli gama lishintshwa kancane kancane ngezesayensi ngokufanelekile.

Uma sicabangela izici zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo ze-nitrate, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kuqala lapho kuhlanganiswa kwe-nitric acid ne-oxides, usawoti futhi, kaningi, ngezinsimbi. Ezimweni zokushisa kwamakamelo, cishe zonke izitrate zizinzile, kodwa lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-200-6000 ° C, liqala ukucibilika, kancane kancane liye lahlelwa yizinto ezikhona.

Ngendlela, yiziphi izakhi i-nitrate ezibola, umuntu angakwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi yini ayenazo ochungechungeni lwe-electrochemical of stress stress. Ngokuyinhloko, wonke ama-nitrate ukuthi, lapho ebola, anika ama-nitrites nama-molecule e-oksijini anezinsimbi ezingakwesokunxele kwe-magnesium (isibonelo, i-lithium, i-barium, i-aluminium, i-cobalt). I-nitrate efanayo, ehlukanisa, yenza ama-oxyde we-nitrogen nensimbi, kanye ne-oksijini itholakala ochungechungeni lwe-electrochemical esikhathini esivela ku-magnesium kuya ethusi.

I-nitrate ye-Copper iziphatha ngendlela ekhethekile: uma idilika, i-oksijini ayikhululwa, kodwa kuhlanganiswa i-divalent copper oxide ne- nitrogen dioxide. Futhi, isibonelo, isisombululo se-nitrate yesiliva, ukubola ekushiseni kwe "kuphela" i-1700 ° C, akunikezi oksijini kuphela ehlanzekile ne-nitrogen oxide ene-tetravalent, kodwa futhi ngokuqondile ngqo ngama-molecule esiliva.

Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi yonke i-nitrate yizona eziphilayo ezinamandla kunazo zonke, futhi zisesimweni esiqinile. Kodwa ngesisombululo balahlekelwa yizindawo zabo ze-oxidizing, ngakho-ke, umahluko, kusukela e-nitric acid efanayo.

Kakade kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu baye baqaphela ukuthi ama-salts we-nitric acid futhi, okokuqala, i-nitrate iyi-fertilizer enhle kakhulu enekhono lokubuyisela ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Kamuva, ingxenye enkulu ye-nitrate yasetshenziselwa ukudala iziqhumane nezidakamizwa.

Indima ekhethekile phakathi kwazo zonke izitrate kungokwese-nitrate yethusi.

I-nitrate ye-Copper (Cu (NO3) 2) yizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlelekile futhi ehambisana namakhemikhali namatherasi e-nitric acid. Ngokusho kwezakhiwo zayo, i-nitrate yethusi iqinile nge-crystal lattice, echitha ngokuphelele amanzi kanye nezinye izixazululo (isibonelo, ethanol, ammonia liquid, i-ethyl acetate). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengamanye ama-nitric acid usawoti, i-nitrate yethusi ithatha umswakama kahle, ikhiqize amakristalu amnyama-aluhlaza okwakusakazeka emoyeni ngomswakama ophezulu.

Izakhi zamakhemikhali zaleli nitrate zihlobene, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi inqwaba ye-molar yethusi iyigugu eliqhubekayo lika 64 g / mol, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhono le-nitrate yethusi ukuze lithande umswakama, ngaleyo ndlela liguqule igama layo (i-nitrate trihydrate - I-hexahydrate), nezindawo zayo. Isibonelo, i-anhydrous copper hydrate idilika ekushiseni kwe-1700 ° C, futhi i-trihydrate - ngo-1200 ° C.

I-mass molar yethusi ibalulekile futhi ukuthi indlela esemqoka yokukhiqiza i-nitrate ye-anhydrous i-synthesize i-molecule yethusi ne-tetravalent copper oxide. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-nitrate yethusi yisisindo esinobuthi, ngakho kokubili ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo eziyisisekelo zemithetho yokuphepha. Ngokuyinhloko, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ungayitholi le mithi emagqumeni omuncu noma esikhunjeni somuntu, njengoba kulesi simo kukhona ukucasuka, okungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Ngendlela, cishe yonke i-nitrate ibangela ezinye noma ezinye izilonda zesikhumba. Isibonelo, isixazululo esifanayo se-nitrate yesiliva esithintana nesikhumba somuntu kubangela ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama, futhi uma ubambe isikhathi eside, kungabangela ukushisa.