Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet nezindawo zayo

Imisebe ye-ultraviolet imisebe ye-electromagnetic inomkhawulo wayo ovela emngceleni we-violet spectrum kuya kumngcele we- x-ray. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalokhu kwenzeka kwavela ngekhulu leshumi nantathu. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho izazi zefilosofi zaseNdiya zichaza emibhalweni yazo isimo lapho imisebe yama-violet, engabonakali khona iso elikude, yayiqukethe.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, lapho i-infrared spectrum itholakele, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke baqala ukutadisha imisebe ekupheleni kombono wokukhanya. Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala ukuthi imilayezo ye-ultraviolet itholwe futhi ifundwe. Ngo-1801, i-IV Ritter ithola ukuthi i-silver oxide iyashesha ngokushesha uma ibonakala ekukhanyeni okungabonakali, ibhekisela engxenyeni ye-violet ye-spectrum.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi ukukhanya kuqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezihlukene. Lona ukukhanya okubonakala okuthiwa okubonakalayo (noma ukukhanyisa ingxenye), imisebe ye-infrared kanye ne-ultraviolet (nayo iyancipha). Esikhathini esizayo, abacwaningi baphenyisisa ithonya lemisebe ye-ultraviolet emzimbeni ophilayo, kanye nendima yayo emvelweni.

Imisebe ye-ultraviolet: izakhiwo nokuhlukaniswa

Kuze kube manje, imisebe ye-ultraviolet ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngayinye yayo inezici zayo siqu:

• I-UV-C, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-gamma radiation. Kumele kuphawulwe ngokushesha ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomzimba womuntu. Ngenhlanhla, imisebe enjalo isondelene ngokuphelele ne-oksijeni, ibhola le-ozone nomoya wamanzi ngenkathi idlula emkhathini womhlaba.
• I-UV-B ingenye uhlobo lwemisebe, ebuye isondle ngokuphelele imvilophu yegesi yomhlaba. Kufika phezulu kungena ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayishumi. Ngendlela, ingaphansi kwethonya lala mibala ukuthi i-melanin ikhiqizwa esikhumbeni somuntu.

• UV-A. Lolu hlobo lwemisebe luzofika ngokuphelele emhlabeni wonke futhi alungile neze ekuphilayo. Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kubangela ukuguga kwesikhumba ngokushesha.

Ngokuqondene nezakhiwo, ngokokuqala kudingeke uqaphele ukuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet ayibonakali iso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomsebenzi ophezulu wamakhemikhali futhi kuyisisusa sokuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-ultraviolet kunezinto zokulwa namagciwane. Futhi-ke, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ngokulinganisa amancane kuyithinta kahle umzimba womuntu.

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet nomphumela wayo emzimbeni womuntu

Ngokushesha kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet eyenza ekwakhiweni kwevithamini D esikhumbeni somuntu, okuyinto eqinisekisa ukuthi i-calcium imetabolism evamile emzimbeni kanye nesimo esihle samathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebe yalesi sici iyabangela izilinganiso eziphilayo zezinto eziphilayo. Kubonakala ukuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet egazini ikhulisa izinga le-okuthiwa "i-hormone yamandla", ehlinzeka ngesimo sengqondo esivamile.

Ngeshwa, imisebe ye-ultraviolet iyasiza futhi iyadingeka kuphela kumanani amancane. Umthelela omkhulu wale mibala kubangela umphumela ohlukile. Isibonelo, ngokuvezwa isikhathi eside esikhumbeni, i-ultraviolet iyasheshisa inqubo yokuguga, futhi kwezinye izimo kubangela ukushisa. Ngezinye izikhathi imishanguzo iholela ekuguqulweni kwamaseli, okungahle kube yilapho ehlaselwa yizicubu ezimbi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet kuthinta kabi i-retina yeso, okubangela ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi enelanga, kufanele nje usebenzise izinkuni ezikhethekile zokuzivikela.