I-Femur: isakhiwo, umsebenzi, umonakalo

I-bone femur ngobukhulu ubude yi-femur. Izici zazo zonke amathambo we-tubular - kuba khona komzimba kanye nemikhawulo emibili.

Indawo yekhanda laleli bone itholakala ekugcineni kwe-proximal engenhla, isebenza ukuxhuma ngethambo le- pelvic. Isiqondiso esiphezulu nesiphakamiso sibhekene nenhloko yekhanda, okuthiwa ihlangene. Ephakathi kwawo yi-fossa yekhanda le-femur, okuyiyona indawo yokunamathisela kwe-ligament yenhloko yethambo. Inhloko nomzimba zihlanganiswa entanyeni yethambo, zakha i-angle kuze kube yizigaba eziyikhulu namashumi amathathu.

Emngceleni wentamo nomzimba kukhona ama-ossicles amabili amakhulu amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-skewers. Indawo ye-trochanter enkulu inendawo engaphakathi, ebheke entanyeni, i-fossa. Yena ngokwakhe ungaphezulu futhi kamuva. I-spit encane itholakala ngaphakathi nangemva kwayo, eduze nomngcele ophansi wesibeletho. Amabili kulawa ma-skewers anemigqa ye-interstitial ehlanganisa nabo kusukela ngemuva, ebizwa ngokuthi i-interstitial crest.

I-femur bone, umzimba wayo ngokucophelela, ukuma kwe-cylindrical, okuyi-curve convex okuyingxenye yangaphakathi, futhi nxazonke i-longitudinal axis ibonakala sengathi iphikisiwe. Umzimba wethambo unobuso obubushelelezi, ngemuva kwawo kukhona umugqa ovuthiwe kancane, futhi uhlukanisa zibe izindebe ezimbili - emaphakathi nangokwenyama. Iphakathi kwe-femur ixhuma lezi zindebe eduze, futhi ziqondise izinkomba ezingezansi nezingaphezulu eziqala ukuhlukanisa. Zombili izindebe ziqondiswa ezinsizeni ze-femur - ezinkulu nezincane. I-lipal lateral yanda futhi ikhula kakhulu, ekugcineni iphenduke ibe yisifo sofuba se-gluteal, okuyindawo lapho i- gluteus gluteus ifakwe khona . Ngesinye isikhathi lesi sifo sibukeka njengesiphambano sesithathu. Izindebe zomlomo ziya emgqeni onzima. Ukuya ekugcineni okuphansi kwe-femur, izindebe zombili zihlangene, zakha ubuso be-popliteal ngesimo senxantathu.

Ukuphela kwethambo kwethambo kukhuliswa kancane, kwakha imibono emibili ye-condylar. Lezi zindlela zokuhlukumeza zihlukile ngobukhulu kanye nesilinganiso sokuvinjelwa komzimba ohlangene.

I-Medialis medial iyinkulu, i-lateral incane. Zombili izintambo zitholakala ezingeni elifanayo, futhi ngemuva kwazo zihlukaniswa i-fossa, ebizwa ngokuthi i-intercondylar. Ngaphezulu kwe-articular surface ye-condyle ye-medie kuyinto epicondyle ephakathi, futhi uhlangothi lwe-lateral lwe-condyle line-epicondyle ye-lateral, okuyinto encane kakhulu ngobukhulu kuneyodwa. Ngaphambili, kokubili i-condyle ne-articular surfaces idlulela komunye nomunye. Kule nkinga, kukhonjiswa i-concave patellar, lapho ihlangothini elingaphansi le-patella lihlanganisiwe khona.

Njengoba i-femur yomuntu iyithambo elikhulu kunazo zonke, liyakwazi ukuhlukumezeka kakhulu. Okubaluleke kunazo zonke yiziphuphutheki. Lapho ubuqotho bethambo buphukile, lokhu kuyi-fracture. Izizathu zalokho zingase zihluke: ukushaya ngokuqondile kwethanga, ukuwa ezintweni eziqinile nokunye okuningi. Uma i-femur iphukile, khona-ke lokhu ukulimala kubhekwa njengobunzima. Kungase kube nokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwegazi nokukhathazeka kobuhlungu. Ngokwemvelo, ukuhamba kungenakwenzeka, futhi noma yikuphi ukulimala emlenzeni owonakele nakho kukhishwe. Umlenze oye wahlushwa udoti. Izitsha ezinkulu zalesi sigaba zingonakaliswa ukufuduka kwezingcezu, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingezansi, lapho i-fragment yangemuva ivame ukulimaza umcibisholo we-popliteal, okwenza kube nokuphuma kwegazi. Ama-femur amathambo kufanele ahlelwe ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ithayi isetshenziswa, i-anesthesia isenziwa, bese kuthi isisulu sithathwe emnyangweni wezehlakalo.

Isakhiwo se-femur siyinto elula kakhulu, kodwa-ke, yenza umsebenzi oyinhloko - igcina umthwalo womzimba kanye nomzimba ngokulingana, uhlanganyela ezinkampanini eziyinkimbinkimbi zemoto, isisekelo sokubheka izingxenye ezingezansi ne-pelvis. Amathuba anjalo anikezwe wona ngokwemvelo ngokwayo, ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele anakekele impilo yakhe.