Yikuphi receptor zitholakala esikhumbeni. lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti wabo

Emzimbeni wethu isikhumba kokuba Imininingwane ndawo ubuso 1.5 m ² kanye 2.5 m ^2, operably exhumene izibilini ezibonisa isimo sabo njengoba kwezimo ezivamile futhi sokugembula. Nge isakhiwo isakhiwo emithathu ungqimba, iqukethe eziyimpumelelo kwenzwa uhlelo kangaka okuthiwa ama-receptor isikhumba niqonda ezishukumisa kusukela imvelo bangaphandle. Le ndatshana izozama ukuphendula imibuzo embalwa. Yikuphi receptor zitholakala kule isikhumba? Of lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti wabo? Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi kube khona ukusebenzisana phakathi umzimba womuntu nemibandela imvelo integuments.

Yikuphi receptor zitholakala kule isikhumba

Anatomy futhi izitho zomzimba uyafundelwa hhayi kuphela izinhlelo ezinkulu emzimbeni, kodwa nakulabo okuyinto receptor zitholakala esikhumbeni. Biology (Libanga 8) uchaza izici morphological kanye nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa ethintekayo inzwa uhlelo, okusekelwe imininingwane isakhiwo nemisebenzi izinhlobo ezahlukene ezenza isikhumba, sifaka.

Esikhathini receptor wesikhumba we izinhlobo ezintathu: mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors futhi nociceptors (ubuhlungu). Lesi sakamuva itholakala ezimweni eziningi kule epidermis - olwelwesini lwesikhumba esingaphandle, ehlanganisa epithelium, etholakala imigqa eziningana. Ingxenye engenhla we stratum, exfoliated futhi esikhundleni ngezithukuthuku izingqimba engezansi. Kubantu, epidermis ibuyekeziwe cishe ngokuphelele kulo lonke ngenyanga.

Okokuqala okubili izinhlobo - mechanoreceptors futhi thermoreceptors - equkethwe ogxile e dermis noma isikhumba ngokwayo, ungqimba sezicubu zezinzwa, equkethe zonke izakhi zawo kwesakhiwo, kuhlanganise igazi lymph izitsha, izinwele kanye nezindlala izikhwama.

Yokwamukela umsebenzi kwesikhumba

isikhumba Human wenza imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana, enye yazo yokwamukela. Kungenxa yokuthi nemigubuzelo zomzimba ziyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela yokwamukela ensimini, enezela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko njengoba ulwazi mayelana nezinguquko esikhumbeni uqobo, futhi ebabuza yayikukhumbula. Active amaphuzu umzimba okuhlobene ne-ezindaweni ezithile ubuchopho, futhi ngokusebenzisa nabo the system zemisipha kanye izitho zangaphakathi.

isikhumba receptor akuzona ngaphandle ingxenye neuropathy ka analyzer musculocutaneous, okuyinto sihlanganisa izinzwa abathwele izingxenye excitation ka-receptor futhi zobuchopho, zitholakala wo boko ingxenye. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, la mangqamuzana ezinzwa we analyzer isikhumba ise epidermis kanye isikhumba uqobo. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama nemisebenzi ziyafana.

Ngokwesibonelo, ethintekayo receptor - Meissner corpuscles, kukhona nakomaka okuyinto lunquma isivinini thinta bese zitholakala epidermis, nethole Pachchini ukuthi shí dermis, obangela ukusheshisa ushintsho ezintweni ethintekayo. Uhlamvu ukuzwa akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni onjani zemizwa isikhumba ukuqonda umphumela imvelo bangaphandle, kodwa futhi ku ukuvama ugqozi. Uma kuwukuthi i-eside isikhathi njalo, kukhona umuzwa ingcindezi lapho ukusebenza ngezikhathi - touch futhi amandla eziphakeme umfutho izinga ushintsho - Vibration isasasa.

I aphansi embundwini nobuntu receptor isikhumba esisogwini ichopho izindebe, ephakeme - kwi kalula, izintende, emphethweni sangaphakathi izindololwane, umbundu eliphakeme has besisu isikhumba, izinyawo futhi emuva.

Izakhiwo lokushisa receptor

Temperature receptor ukulawula izinga evamile umzimba ukusabela homeostasis. Basuke etholakala izindonga imithambo futhi ahlinzeke lokushisa isiqondiso - ngokulingene ukudluliswa ukushisa icubungula eziphilayo homeothermic abe lokushisa emzimbeni njalo. Ngakho, ungqimba lithathelwe eziphilayo incike okuyinto receptor zitholakala esikhumbeni futhi ngokushesha kangakanani-signal izinguquko yemvelo.

I ngokucacile of nociceptors

Ucwaningo mayelana nodaba, okuyinto ama-receptor zitholakala esikhumbeni, ubuyoba ongaphelele uma asizange cabangela izici of isakhiwo zobuhlungu. Ngokuphambene ukukhangisa zemithi, zisize ukunikela unomphela ukuqeda ubuhlungu, siphawula ukuthi lesi ubuhlungu iyimpendulo okuvikela umzimba, okuwuphawu kuye izingozi ezingaba khona. Nociceptors isimo esisodwa branched kwalapho Bebona ezihlukahlukene eqinile ngokweqile ukushisa ezintweni, ingcindezi, abandayo. eliningi yabo enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi kwi fingerpads, a periosteum, a izindonga isitsha igazi arachnoid ingqondo.

Ubuhlungu ingafakwa esigabeni ifomu okuqonda ethintekayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile babe receptor ise isikhumba nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nendlela nokusabela ezintweni eziqinile. Umuzwa ubuhlungu ubonakala njengeNkosi umuzwa subjective ukuthi simtshele kukhona esimweni ikakhulukazi omubi psycho-ngokomzwelo. It is cuphuluza ezishukumisa ethize nomthelela modality sezinzwa.

Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe izici kwesakhiwo nemisebenzi receptor kwesikhumba.