Uhlelo zokuphefumula yezinyoni: umsebenzi, isakhiwo

Uhlelo zokuphefumula yezinyoni uhlukile. Mina enezimpiko ukugeleza komoya uyangena isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela, engesiyo uphawu ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Ngingayithola kanjani ukuphefumula ngaphandle nangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa kuqhoqhoqho? Isisombululo inhlanganisela ngokumangalisayo izici eyingqayizivele yokwakheka futhi asemkhathini zokukhwabanisa yokucucuza. Izici umgudu wokuphefumula e izinyoni kubangele izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi izikhwama emoyeni. Ababona ekhona ezincelisayo.

Uhlelo zokuphefumula yezinyoni: isikimu

Inqubo e cruise kwenziwe ngendlela ehlukile kuka e ezincelisayo. Ngaphezu emaphashini, nabo kwadingeka air bag. Kuye zilwane, izinyoni umgudu wokuphefumula ingase ihlanganise eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalolunye zalezi izindwani, okuyinto ukufinyelela ehlombe namathambo okhalo, emgogodleni ngisho ugebhezi. Ngenxa yokushoda komoya eshukunyiswa diaphragm kushintsha ingcindezi kule isikhwama somoya esebenzisa imisipha pectoral. Lokhu kwakha ingcindezi ongathandeki izindwani, okubangela nomoya ukungena umgudu wokuphefumula. izenzo ezinjalo azizintsha neze yekwentiwa. Zidinga Kufinyeta ezithile kwemisipha ukuze basicindezele ku sacs emoyeni futhi Uyamkhipha u- emoyeni aphume.

Isakhiwo umgudu wokuphefumula e izinyoni kuhilela oqeda sternum ngesikhathi senqubo. izinyoni Khanyisa ayinwebeki noma inkontileka njengoba imizimba mammalian. Ezilwaneni, exchange oksijini carbon dioxide kwenzeka sacs ezincane, okuthiwa ama-alveoli. Ngo izihlobo ezinamaphiko negesi lokushintshisana Kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga amashubhu emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary emoyeni. Zokuphefumula izinyoni zisebenza kangcono kunalezo e ezincelisayo. Bayakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo owengeziwe ngomoya ngamunye. Lapho kuqhathaniswa izilwane isisindo esifanayo, yiba ngesilinganiso kancane ukuphefumula.

Indlela ukuphefumula izinyoni?

Izinyoni babe amasethi amathathu ahlukene ukuphefumula kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Lokhu phambi izikhwama zomoya, ukukhanya futhi bakhulise air bag. Phakathi oxygen lokuqala inspiratory sidlula emakhaleni at kwalapho phakathi engxenyeni engenhla Uqhwaku futhi ikhanda. Lapha-ke ukufuthelana, humidified futhi elicwengekileyo. izicubu ezinamanzi ebazungezile, kwezinye uhlobo, olubizwa ngokuthi cere. Ukugeleza yabe isihamba ngaphakathi komgodi acinene. emoyeni imuncwe asigcini behlele uqhoqhoqho noma umphimbo, okuyinto ihlukaniswe bronchi ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa branched ibe sebuningini izindlela ephashini ngamunye.

Iningi izicubu zomzimba incane bronchus mayelana 1,800 eduze ephakeme. Bona kuholele ezincane zomoya-capillary ukuthi ligcwele igazi, lapho exchange yamagesi kwenzeka. Ukugeleza emoyeni ingahambi ngqo emaphashini. Kunalokho, kufanele ku sacs caudal. Inani elincane umsila sidlula kumiswa ngokusebenzisa bronchi, nakho zihlukaniswe ezincane ubukhulu capillary. Lapho inyoni inhales okwesibili, umoya-mpilo wathuthela cranial emoyeni sacs, futhi uya emuva ngokusebenzisa fistula kuqhoqhoqho nge amalaka. Futhi ekugcineni, ngokusebenzisa ngalo ingaphakathi acinene ishiye emakhaleni.

isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi

Uhlelo zokuphefumula siqukethe izinyoni pair of emaphashini. Zakha isakhiwo static phezu for negesi lokushintshisana. Nweba futhi ungenwa sacs emoyeni kuphela, okubangela i-oksijini ukuze ihambe ukukhanya isilungisiwe. emoyeni imuncwe uhlala ohlelweni for imijikelezo emibili egcwele ngaphambi kokuba kudliwe ngokuphelele. Zihlanganisa yiphi ingxenye umgudu wokuphefumula yezinyoni unesibopho negesi lokushintshisana? Lokhu indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngokukhanya. Umoya qeda lapho okuhle sekuqalile kusuka emzimbeni kuqhoqhoqho. Phakathi umoya lokuqala qeda amagesi seningene ngaphambili air bag.

Abakwazi nje ukushiya umzimba, njengoba lesibili ukuhogela umoya ohlanzekile futhi agelezela kokubili isikhwama ezingemuva namaphaphu. Khona-ke, phakathi nekhulu lesibili okhishwa ngamakhala ukusakaza kuqala egeleza nibonakala ngokusebenzisa kuqhoqhoqho kanye nomoya-mpilo fresh kusuka isikhwama ingena izidumbu ezingemuva for negesi lokushintshisana. Ukwakheka izinyoni umgudu wokuphefumula has a isakhiwo okuvumela kudalwa (eyodwa) emoyeni unidirectional fresh ebusweni exchange igesi okwenzeka emaphashini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kugeleza uya khona ngesikhathi kokubili ephefumula futhi okhishwa ngamakhala. Ngenxa yalokho, exchange of-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide Kwenziwa njalo.

Ukuphumelela uhlelo

Ikakhulukazi umgudu wokuphefumula yezinyoni ake uthola umoyampilo kwadingeka kwezinhlelo amangqamuzana omzimba. Inzuzo enkulu isakhiwo unidirectional futhi imithambo emaphashini. Lapha emoyeni capillary abe jikelele endaweni enkulu ebusweni kuka, isibonelo, ezincelisayo. I emikhulu le Inkomba, kulapho-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide angaba aluka ku igazi nezicubu ohlinzekela ukuphefumula kahle.

Isakhiwo kanye anatomy we sacs emoyeni

Le nyoni has a Emasethi lambalwa emoyeni amathangi, kuhlanganise caudal pectoral besisu futhi caudal. Isakhiwo siqukethe cranial wesibeletho, clavicular futhi cranial izikhwama thoracic. kokucindezelwa yabo noma ukunwetshwa kwenzeka uma izinguquko emzimbeni, lapho ukuthi akuphi. Usayizi ingaphakathi ilawulwa imisipha ukunyakaza. Umthamo elikhulu emoyeni kubekwe phakathi odongeni kwamathumbu nezindawo ezizungezile izitho, ibekwe kuwo. In the state asebenzayo, isibonelo ngesikhathi indiza, le nyoni idinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Ikhono cindezela bese unweba ingaphakathi umzimba awukwazi kuphela izohambisa emoyeni ngaphezulu ukudlula emaphashini, kodwa futhi ekudambiseni isisindo lesidalwa enezimpiko.

Ngo ukugeleza asemkhathini kudala indiza palpitations ukunyakaza wamaphiko, okuyinto igcwalisa sacs emoyeni. imisipha besisu kubangelwa inqubo uyaphumula. Uhlelo zokuphefumula kuhlaba ezahlukene kokubili ikhipha futhi okusebenza kusukela ukuthi esivela ezincelisayo. Izinyoni abe ukukhanya - amancane, compact, isakhiwo sithambile kwakhiwa phakathi izimbambo nhlangothi zombili yomgogodla kule ingaphakathi thoracic. izicubu Okuwugqinsi lezi zindikimba ezinamaphiko nesisindo kakhulu ngendlela ezincelisayo esisindo alinganayo, kodwa hlala kuphela kwesigamu ivolumu. abantu Healthy ngokujwayelekile pink ukukhanya okhanyayo.

ukucula

Imisebenzi umgudu wokuphefumula yezinyoni akugcini omunye okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume oxygenation kwamaseli emzimbeni kuphela. Ingahlanganisa ukucula, okuyinto ukulawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. Whistle - kuba Imisindo ekhishwa isitho vocal elise ngasesinqeni se ukuphakama kuqhoqhoqho. Njengoba kunjalo nge amalaka ezincelisayo, ke kuveza vibration emoyeni egeleza ngomzimba. Lesi sici eyinqaba ivumela ezithile zezinyoni ukukhiqiza ngokukhala eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuze kube belingisa inkulumo yomuntu. Ezinye izinhlobo singers angakhiqiza imisindo eziningi ezahlukene.

izigaba umoya

Umoya imuncwe kugeleza umjikelezo zokuphefumula ezimbili. Ithathwe ndawonye, akhiwe izigaba ezine. Uchungechunge izinyathelo eziningana ezihlobene ukukhulisa fresh air ukuxhumana surface zokuphefumula kwamaphaphu. Le nqubo kanje:

1. Iningi emoyeni imuncwe by isinyathelo sokuqala, sidlula bronchi eyinhloko langemuva emoyeni vane.
2. Imuncwe umoya-mpilo ihamba kusukela izikhwama ezingemuva ezingena emaphashini. Lapha negesi lokushintshisana kwenzeka.
3. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho le nyoni inhales, ukusakaza elingenawo umoya-ahlanganiswe idluliswa phambi asebenza ngomfutho ongamaphesenti.
4. Umoya okhishwa ngamakhala Okwesibili displaces emoyeni ahlanganiswe carbon dioxide bezikhwama phambi ngokusebenzisa bronchi kanye kuqhoqhoqho emuva emkhathini.

High-mpilo funa

Ngenxa izinga lokugayeka kokudla kudingekile indiza, siyohlale ukufuneka kakhulu umoya-mpilo. Ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe lokho umgudu wokuphefumula e izinyoni, singaphetha ngokuthi izici kudivayisi yalo ekusizeni ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo. Nakuba izinyoni ziyizikhali ezilula, ngokuyisisekelo ancike izikhwama emoyeni ngoba umoya omncane, okuyinto bakha 15% wezindleko ivolumu umzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo akudingeki ukuphakelwa kahle kwegazi, ngakho musa ukudlala indima oqondile e negesi lokushintshisana. Ikhonza njengabameleli balamuli ukuhambisa emoyeni ngokusebenzisa uhlelo zokuphefumula.

Ngo ezinamaphiko kungekho diaphragm. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni ukunwebeka njalo nokuncipha kwezitho zokuphefumula, njengoba kunjalo ezincelisayo, esigabeni asebenzayo zinyoni okhishwa ngamakhala okudinga imisipha. Kunemibono ehlukahlukene mayelana nendlela izinyoni ukuphefumula. Ososayensi abaningi abasayihlola namanje inqubo. Izici isakhiwo umgudu wokuphefumula zezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo akuzona njalo efanayo. Lezi umehluko uvumele abafowethu ezinamaphiko babe ezincwadini ezidingekayo indiza nokuhlabelela. Lokhu lithathelwe Kuyadingeka ulondoloza okusezingeni eliphezulu rate umzimba ngoba zonke izidalwa ezindizayo.