Amandla kagesi e uketshezi: ivelaphi, izici ambalwa kanye qualitative

Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uwuchaza kanjani kagesi ukunyakaza zamanje iqondiswe izinhlayiya icala. Nokho, iqiniso liwukuthi umsuka kanye nokunyakaza ke ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni kuhlukile kunokunikeza nomunye. Ikakhulu, i- zamanje kagesi e uketshezi has nezinye izakhiwo eziningana ngaphandle ezinyakazayo ngaphambilini izinhlayiya icala. Sikhuluma okufanayo metallic babashayeli.

Umehluko omkhulu uwukuthi samanje uketshezi - ukuhamba ion icala, ama-athomu noma molecule ie, okuyinto ngasizathu simbe abalahlekelwe noma yazuza electron. Kulokhu, omunye izinkomba bale nhlangano ukuba ushintshe izakhiwo ketshezi, okubandakanya la ma-athomu. Ngokusekelwe incazelo kagesi, kuthathwa ngokuthi ngesikhathi yokubola athomu omubi icala ngeke iphokophele okuhle amandla umthombo, nefanelekile, ngokuphambene okungekuhle.

Isixazululo inqubo noqhekeko Amangqamuzana angokwemvelo ku ion emihle nemibi etholwe Isayensi isihloko dissociation electrolytic. Ngakho, kagesi kwenzeka ngenxa uketshezi, ngokungafani kuya wire efanayo metal, ukushintsha ukwakheka kanye amakhemikhali izakhiwo lolu ketshezi, kuphumele inqubo ezihambayo ion.

Amandla kagesi e uketshezi, umsuka walo, kokubili izici ambalwa kanye qualitative kunenkinga enkulu, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto waziphatha ekutadisheni physics esidumile UMichael Faraday. Ikakhulukazi, ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo eziningi, kwakunokwenzeka ukufakazela ukuthi mass lomcebo electrolytic kuyinto encike ngqo kwi nenani ugesi kanye ngesikhathi lapho electrolysis wenziwa. Kunoma iyiphi nezinye izizathu, ngaphandle uhlobo lwe lomcebo, lokhu akuxhomekile mass.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokufunda samanje uketshezi, Faraday Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuze kwemihlambi eyodwa kilogram iyiphi into phakathi electrolysis kumele kube inani elifanayo amacala kagesi. Le mali ilingana 9.65 • Julayi 10 kuya., Etholwe igama Faraday.

Ngokungafani babashayeli metal, kagesi e uketshezi lizungezwe amanzi amangqamuzana, okuyinto kakhulu izinkinga ukuhamba ion izidakamizwa. Kule ndaba, iyiphi electrolyte ungakheka kuphela zinamandla encane zamanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma izinga lokushisa linyuka isixazululo, conductivity yayo ukwanda, futhi lo kagesi emkhakheni iyakhula.

Electrolysis has esinye isici ezithakazelisayo. Into wukuthi ematfuba ukubola molecule ikakhulukazi ku ion emihle nemibi lingaphezulu, aba maningi inani molecule uketshezi kanye ketshezi uqobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esikhathini esithile kuziwa ion supersaturation yesixazululo, ngalokho conductivity isixazululo iqala ukuncipha. Ngakho, ahlaselwe kabi ubhadane lwesifo dissociation electrolytic zizokwenzeka isixazululo lapho emakamu ion eliphansi kakhulu kodwa kagesi umfutho samanje izixazululo ezinjalo sincane kakhulu.

inqubo-electrolysis kabanzi lisetshenziswe imikhiqizo eminingi yezimboni ezahlukene ezihlobene ukusabela electrochemical. Phakathi ebaluleke kakhulu kubo zihlanganisa ukulungiselela metal nge electrolyte usawoti electrolysis, chlorine nemikhiqizo yalo, ukusabela redox adingekayo izinto njenge-hydrogen, wokucwebezelisa evele Electroplating. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhizinisi amaningi, uhla lwamanani kanye ithuluzi kakhulu indlela eyayivamile yokucwenga okuyinto kokulungiselela metal ngaphandle ukungcola engadingeki.