Kagesi

Yonkhe imitimba akhiwa izinhlayiya indivisible emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ama aphansi. Sinenkosi mass futhi bayakwazi ukuheha nomunye. Ngokomthetho kwamandla adonsela phansi, lapho ibanga eliphakathi izinhlayiya kuyinto amandla ezikhangayo kuqhathaniswa incipha kancane (kuba inhlukanozigaba esikweleni yebanga). Amandla ukuxhumana izinhlayiya mkhulu kunezinhliziyo amandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu ukuxhumana kanye ngokuthi "kagesi" futhi izinhlayiya - icala.

Ukuxhumana yizinhlayiyana okuthiwa ama Solenoid. Kuyinto isici iningi izinhlayiya aphansi. Uma kungenjalo phakathi kwabo, bese ukhulume ukungabi kwenkokhelo.

kagesi inquma degree of ukushuba nokuxhumana kagesi. Kuyinto isici kubalulekile izinhlayiya aphansi esichaza ukuziphatha kwabo. Ebekwe izinhlamvu "q" noma "Q".

Macroscopic ejwayelekile iyunithi kagesi alikho, dala ke njengoba akunakwenzeka ngenxa ukuvuza waso ongenakugwenywa. Ngo-physics e-athomu, iyunithi ukuthatha ophethe electron. I-International System of Units isethwe usebenzisa zamanje. Shaja kwelinye elengayo (1 C) ubonisa ukuthi sidlule endaweni samanje 1 1 yesibili ngokusebenzisa isigaba umqhubi. Lona impela icala okusezingeni eliphezulu. umzimba ezincane ukumemezela akunakwenzeka. Kodwa ngo umqhubi abangathathi hlangothi ezinyakazayo ophathwa 1 C ngempela ngempela.

kagesi kuyinto ubuningi scalar ngokomzimba okuyinto ephawula ikhono izinhlayiya noma imigwamanda ungene kagesi amandla ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo.

Ekuhloleni nokuxhumana kuyinto umqondo obalulekile icala iphuzu. Kuyinto umzimba icala, ogama Ubukhulu mancane kakhulu kunalawo ibanga kuwo kuze kube seqophelweni observation noma ezinye izinhlayiya icala. Lapho ababili iphuzu amacala Isikhala inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela Ubukhulu yabo komugqa.

I izinhlayiya babe okuphambene amacala proton - omuhle, ama-electron - ezingezinhle. Lezizibonakaliso (plus futhi lokususa) zibonisa ikhono izinhlayiya ukuba ukhangwe (ngezibonakaliso ezahlukene) kanye isiqalo (okungenani eyodwa). Emvelweni, izinkomba emihle nemibi kuthiwa ihlawulelwa nomunye.

I kagesi icala izinhlayiya kuyafana e inani eliphelele, kungakhathaliseki kuba omuhle njengoba proton noma ezingakhi, njengoba i-electron. Icala ubuncane kuthiwa aphansi. Sinenkosi zonke izinhlayiya icala. ingxenye Hlukanisa kwenkokhiso le kuyizinhlayiyana sika akunakwenzeka. Inani ubuncane kunqunywa Ucwaningo.

kagesi kanye izakhiwo zalo lingalinganiswa Usebenzisa electrometer. Siqukethe uzungeza a eksisi evundla ka induku yensimbi kanye imicibisholo. Uma induku uthinte Wand kahle icala, umcibisholo baphambukile ngumuntu engela ezithile. Lokhu kungenxa ukusatshalaliswa icala kumcibisholo ibha. Zungezisa umcibisholo ngenxa amandla umuzwa wokwenyanya. Ngokwandisa inyuka mali futhi engela ukuphambuka kusuka mpo. Okungukuthi, ekubonisa ukubaluleka icala ezidluliselwa izinduku electrometer.

Kukhona izakhiwo ezilandelayo icala zikagesi. Abakwazi emihle noma emibi (Ukukhetha okungahleliwe zezihloko), okuyinto ukuheha dudula kube. Amacala angadluliselwa ngokuthintana komunye nomunye emizimbeni. umzimba owodwa ezindaweni ezahlukene kungase kudingeke amacala ahlukene. Isici esibalulekile kuyinto leyehlukene, okusho khona kwencani, icala jikelele, okuyinto eziningi izibalo ohambelana iyiphi emizimbeni. Phakathi irherho le-closed isamba algebraic wonke amacala ahlale njalo. Ubunjalo amacala elilodwa uphawu musa kuphakama futhi luzophela kanyekanye.