Lisho ukuthini igama elithi 'amperage'

Ngaphandle ukuqonda ukuthi yini amandla zamanje, isifundo elihlobene ne-ugesi kwesigaba physics akunakwenzeka. Umqondo we lwamanje isisekelo okwakhelwe kuso, efana indlu esisekelweni esiqinile, umugqa izifunda izibalo olwengeziwe futhi abaningi incazelo entsha. Amperage umele omunye abakuzuzile ngamazwe SI, ngakho jikelele wokulinganisa Phiko ampere (A).

Okwakushiwo ngokomzimba unit sifanekise kanje: wamanje kwelinye ampere ezinyakazayo kwenzeka uma izinhlayiya kokuba icala phezu ezimbili babashayeli obuphelele obungapheli, okuyinto span phakathi imitha elilodwa. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka ngo-ngamunye imitha elula babashayeli ukuxhumana amandla kuyinto ngamanani alinganayo 2 * 10 -7 degree Newton. Ngokuvamile wanezela ukuthi babashayeli ahlelwe cleaner (ngokuvumela iwukudambisa ithonya medium esisele), kanye cross-section yabo ivame ukuba oholayo (lokhu conductivity esiphezulu).

Nokho, njengoba ngokuvamile kunjalo, incazelo zakudala kuyaqondakala kuphela ochwepheshe, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, ayisekho nentshisekelo izisekelo. Kodwa engayazi indoda ugesi "babanjwa" nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ake sichaze okushiwo zamanje, ngokwezwi nezwi okusho "phezu iminwe". Simelela ibhethri abavamile, okuyindawo yizinto zokuphasa izingongolo zokuthwala isibani sikagesi hamba izintambo ezimbili ukushisa namakhaza. I ukudabuka elilodwa wire exhunywe inkinobho. Njengoba sazi kusuka aphansi physics Yiqiniso, kagesi lamanje - movement izinhlayiya kokuba abo kagesi. Ngokuvamile, babecabanga electron (eqinisweni, kuba electron olulodwa has a icala negative), nakuba empeleni kancane more xaka. Lezi zinhlayiya zinezikhathi material conductive (metal), ngenkathi amagesi idluliswe eminye icala ion (khumbula amagama athi "ionization 'futhi' baphuka igebe air"); conduction e Semiconductors, hhayi kuphela electronic kodwa futhi emgodini (a icala positive); izixazululo electrolytic conductivity luyingxenye ionic (isb, imoto amabhethri). Kodwa ake ubuyele isibonelo sethu. Kungenisa ngokunyakaza kwamanje electron khulula. Kuze inkinobho kuvuliwe, circuit ivuliwe, izinhlayiya ukuhambisa ndawo ngakho-ke, lwamanje zero. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba "ukuqoqa isikimu" njengoba electron ukusheshe emicabangweni engakhi isigxobo omuhle sebhetri sidlula isibani nokukubangela sengathi siyakhazimula. Amandla, abaphoqa ukuba ukuthutha, lisuselwa emkhakheni kagesi eyenziwe ibhethri (EMF - ensimini - lamanje).

umfutho yamanje - isilinganiso icala ngesikhathi. Okungukuthi, empeleni sikhuluma inani ugesi edabula umqhubi yeThimba ezivamile zesikhathi. Ungasondela isifaniso ngamanzi: kulapho ukuvula empompini, amanzi amaningi siyodlula iphayiphi. Kodwa uma amanzi kukalwa ngamalitha (cubic metres), wamanje - lemali yenethiwekhi noma, futhi amperes kweqiniso. Yilokho ngakho elula. Akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi ukwandisa ngamandla wamanje ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokususa isibani kusukela wesifunda (ukumelana nimelana ukunyakaza), kanye okwandisa emkhakheni kagesi eyenziwe ibhethri.

Empeleni, siye safinyelela ukuthi, esimweni jikelele, ukubala amandla zamanje. Kukhona okuningi amafomula: ngokwesibonelo, circuit ephelele, ucabangela ithonya izici ugesi; I-AC futhi DC imisinga; . Ukuze multi-Isigaba izinhlelo, njll Noma kunjalo, bonke ukwabelana umthetho owodwa - umthetho odumile Ohm sika. Ngakho-ke, thina amnike (jikelele) ifomu jikelele:

I = U / R,

lapho mina - samanje amperes; U - voltage kutheminali ugesi, e volts; R - Ukumelana wesifunda noma ingxenye, e ohms. Lokhu kwencika kuqinisekisa kuphela osekushiwo: okwandisa wamanje ingafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezimbili, ngokusebenzisa ukumelana (isibani yethu) kanye voltage (amandla ipharamitha).