Iyini inqubo yokuphatha. Izigaba zayo

Kuyini umthetho wokuphatha? Okokuqala, liyigatsha elizimele lomthetho, izinkambiso zonke izakhamizi zombuso okufanele zizigcine, kanye nalabo abakhona.

Ikhodi Yeziphambeko Zokuphatha zeRussia Federation yilona isenzo somthetho esijwayelekile esisemthethweni esihlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokujeziswa ngenxa yecala elithile. Kodwa-ke, ukuze usebenzise uhlobo oluhlukile lokujeziswa nganoma yiliphi icala, kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele imigomo esungulwe ngumthetho.

Ngenye indlela, kepha uma kukhona icala lokuphatha, umuntu onecala kufanele ajeziswe. Yenziwa kuphela ohlelweni olusungulwe, olubizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokuphatha. Izincwadi zomthetho zinikeza ukuhlukaniswa kwenqubo yokuphatha esiteji, kuzo zonke izenzo ezithile ezenziwa. Yiyo kanye izigaba zenqubo yokuphatha engingathanda ukuyichaza ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa okokuqala sidinga ukuchaza ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yokuphatha.

Inqubo yokuphatha yinto eyenziwa yizigungu ezigunyaziwe kanye nabantu ngabanye. Lo msebenzi uhlotshaniswa nokuqaliswa, ukucatshangelwa nokuxazulula amacala okuphatha okuhlukile. Kuze kube manje, inqubo yokuphatha (noma izinqubo zokuphatha) ingenziwa ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Ukungaziphathi kahle kwemvelo;
• Ukukhalaza kwezakhamuzi (lokhu kufaka izitatimende, izikhalazo kanye neziphakamiso);
• Amacala ezinecala zokuphatha (ukuhlolwa kwamacala eqinisweni lokwenza isenzo, ukwakheka okuhlinzekwa yizinhlinzeko zesigatshana se-Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation);
• Amacala ezinhlobonhlobo zezikhuthazo;
• Ukulayisense nokulayisense;
• Ukukhiqiza ngezinkinga zokubhalisa.

Umthethosisekelo unikeza izinhlobo ezimbili zokuphatha:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwemithetho, okubandakanya ukucutshungulwa kwamacala okuphulwa kokuphatha, kanye nezikhalazo kanye nezikhalo zabakhamuzi.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwezinqubo, okukhiqizwa kwezinkinga zokubhalisa kanye nokulayisense nokulayisense.

Inqubo yokuphatha inezinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Isikhungo sezinqubo zokuphatha;
• Ukucabangela icala;
• Ukwenza isinqumo ekuhlolisweni kokuqukethwe.

Manje ngingathanda ukuchaza ngayinye yalezi zigaba ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuqaliswa kwecala lokuphatha

Lesi sigaba sitholakala ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kwedokhumenti ehambisanayo, ukufakaza kumuntu owenza icala lokuphatha - le protocol. Lesi sigaba singacatshangwa nje kuphela isenzo senqubo - liyiqiniso elingokomthetho, elikhombisa ukuvela kobudlelwane obuphathelene nokuphatha phakathi kwezifundo. Ngokuqondene nomuntu okhuthaza ukuvela kwalesi sigaba, angaba ngumphakathi ovumelekile noma ojwayelekile (isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokufaka isikhalazo).

Esigabeni sokuqala, uphenyo lokuphatha lungenziwa.

Ukubukwa Kwesihloko

Ngokungafani nesigaba sokuqala, izigungu ezigunyaziwe kuphela zihlanganyela ekuhloleni amacala okuphulwa kokuphatha. Njengomthetho, lesi sigaba senziwa phambi kobubi ngokwakhe. Umphumela wokucubungula icala yikukhishwa kwesinqumo - isinqumo.

Ukwamukelwa kwesinqumo

Lesi yisigaba sokugcina sezinqubo zokuphatha. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yecala, umuntu ogunyaziwe, owenza isigaba sesibili, unesibopho sokwenza isinqumo sakhe futhi awenze kahle, ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izimiso zomthetho.

Isigaba sokwenza izinqumo kuleli cala singafaka izigaba zokuzikhethela, okungukuthi, lezo ezingekho ngaphansi kwamandla. Lokhu kufaka:

• Ukukhalaza ngokumelene nesinqumo kumagunya aphezulu;
• Ukubuyekeza isisombululo.

Inqubo yokuphatha inikeza lezi zigaba kuphela uma umuntu okubhekiswe kuye ngesinqumo akuhambisani nokukhuluma kwakhe nokufisa ukuphikisa. Isenzo esinjalo sihlinzekwa ngumthetho wezobugebengu, obizwa ngokuthi "isikhalazo".