Ugandaganda MAZ-7904: incazelo kanye Ukucaciswa

Umlando cishe njalo ibhizinisi libonisa ukuthi akubona bonke prototypes ezimiselwe ukuba babe isici ejwayelekile.

tractor ezinamasondo kanye missile zenethiwekhi, ekhishwe ngo-1983 efektri e Minsk, uye bayahlonishwa njalo ngenxa isisindo sabo kanye nosayizi kwamandla. Noma kunjalo imingcele omkhulu amaningi kunalawo aphethwe missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Topol" (yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi wokuphumula isisekelo MAZ-7912 futhi 7917 ngezimbazo eziyisikhombisa), iyahluka kwenye analogue yayo MAZ-7904.

I-giant edume

Iqiniso lokuthi Kwaba khona nalawa chassis ekhethekile nenkathi yamaSoviet, babelazi Abaklami ambalwa nje futhi kwezempi. Sunset kusukela ekubuseni zenkundla, abeza 80s, abashe umlando ngenxa yokuthi endaweni MAZ KB ekhethekile ukudala onobuhle entsha ye izimoto giant. ulimi lwawo luhluke iye yaqinisekisa hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi eSoviet Union, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke.

Kuphela ngemva kokuwa yezwe ukhiphe ulwazi maqondana le mishini omkhulu super-imfihlo. Okunjalo ngasekupheleni Soviet Giants futhi uyalandisa MAZ-7904 enama-asi eziyisithupha. Ukwakhela kule moto bafika ekupheleni 70s.

Umthelela lamazwe ukungqubuzana ukwakha giant

Ukuqala 80s kwaphawulwa iqiniso lokuthi asephule eSoviet Union e-United States ngo-iphuzu esiphezulu intambo eye yafinyelelwa phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Ngaphambili, a ukushuba ubudlelwano okufanayo ebonakaliswa phakathi kwabantwana-Cuban missile crisis. amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali kwabonisa ngokucacile omunye nomunye amandla enuzi. Februwari 1980 ngenxa kwakuyinkathi yokululama oda okukhipha kaNgqongqoshe, inhloko-Union of embonini yezimoto. Ngokusho lesi sinqumo, lo Minsk Automobile Plant kwadingeka ukuthuthukisa Transporter ekhethekile ezinamasondo - MAZ-7904. izici Technical wezinga eliphakeme kakhulu kwakumelwe abonise le giant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwadingeka ukuba ephelezelwa liyisibonelo ezibaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini. Umthamo missile uhlelo "Tselina" umthwalo adingekayo ezifana ezizimele ezokuthutha-isiqalisi. MAZ-7904 iphrojekthi, "Celina", by the way, yanelisekile ngokuphelele.

iphrojekthi umholi

imoto ashiwo nge enkombeni enikeziwe sidalwe ngaphansi kobuholi ngaleso sikhathi eside kungekho abasha (oneminyaka engu-80) B. Shaposhnikov. Ube engumlobi njalo umphathi womsebenzi, lapho okwenzeka ukudalwa ngowokuqala izimayini Soviet imidondoshiya MAZ-525 futhi MAZ-530, kanye zonke okwalandela lempi amaloli MAZ kanye chassis multi-oluvala amasondo ngoba eziningi zalezi izakhiwo ngokuthi "Elbrus", "Poplar" futhi "Pioneer ". Kulokhu, kulesi simo ikakhulukazi Shaposhnikov wayebhekene akuwona umsebenzi olula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ezokuthutha kanye kwethulwa esitsheni, rocket kwethulwa nemishini "Tselina" eziyinkimbinkimbi babe isisindo ingqikithi amathani 220. Ngesikhathi imodeli kakhulu efanayo MAZ-7904 kwaba bawe isisindo unladen amathani 140. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi isisindo entsha chassis imoto nezikhali ezicitshwayo kuzoba uhla amathani 360. MAZ-7904 iphrojekthi abangu umshini nokuba nesisindo ezithandekayo Ubukhulu, ukuthuthukiswa okuzokwenza ukushiya umsebenzi omkhulu.

isimo ukuguqulwa

Ngo-February 1981, Minsk Automobile Plant uye wahlela imihlangano inter-ejensi kanye:

• Ungqongqoshe obangela yezimoto, electrical kanye ukuzivikela umkhakha;
• Webutho Lwamasu Missile Amandla;
• Isekela Defense yiNdvuna Izikhali;
• umklami main aqoqa izinto phansi ezicitshwayo DB-1 "ngothango" isitshalo;
• MIT nomklami induna rocket eziyinkimbinkimbi "Virgin Amazwe ';
• Nabanye onjiniyela abaphezulu kanye netindvuna.

Yiqiniso, ingxoxo yephrojekthi kwenziwa "emazweni ntombi" futhi zenzelwe yakhe chassis imoto kokuba igama MAZ 7904. Omunye izimoto kunabo bonke emhlabeni ngoba kwalophiko, waphoqelela kohlaka umhlangano Shaposhnikov:

• ubheke yinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi;
• isicelo ukunweba State abaklami ehhovisi (abantu abangaba ngu-100);
• ukwaba nabo endaweni yokuhlala.

Inani izimfuneko

Ukuze konke ekufunayo ebhekwa ngokungathí sina, benza ngokushesha kwenziwe. UNgqongqoshe V Polyakov embonini yezimoto kwabelwe indlela yokusisebenzisa ezengeziwe kwabasebenzi izindleko lezi ochwepheshe kanye eMnyango Wezokuvikela we-Union of konke ukwaziswa okudingekile ukuze ukukhokhela impahla yabo yakhokhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabasePoland okuqaliswe imishini ezaziphase isakhiwo, okuyinto iyisonto Igumbi Shaposhnik, ikheshi. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abazalwane abaklami asebekhulile bakwazi uvuke phansi lwakhe lwesithathu. I IKhabhinethi umklami main kwaba ukulungiswa okwengeziwe zishintshe.

Imininingwane ukwakhiwa

Nakuba supertyagach MAZ-7904 ulesisindo eziningi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingqondo ukuvela izinselele ezintsha, ngo-June 1983 kwaqedela umsebenzi wokuqala, kodwa kamuva kwathi ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi imodeli lokugcina imoto. Ngo-giant onamakamelo amabili ayengoMahaloni ngezabelo kumnandi. Njengoba material for gumbi Ochwepheshe Osipovichi isitshalo, kwanqunywa ukuba usebenzise-fiberglass. Ngakho kungenzeka ukunciphisa isisindo sabo. Ubude yokudonsa kuyinto 32,2 m Ububanzi ayenakho 6.8 m Ukuphakama (phansi - cab ophahleni parallel) .. zaba 3,45 m njengesisekelo lokhu giant kwadingeka eziphothene ukwesekwa uzimele oqinile .. Ubethula egqoke pair of fixed hydromechanical ukudluliswa 4-speed (nge amagiya ezimbili reverse). I supply amasondo ngoba MAZ-7904 elase-USSR wanikeza nomkhiqizi Japanese owaziwa - inkampani Bridgestone. Isivumelwane ukulolongwa ngendlela eU.SSR wathenga amasondo for ephelele ezintathu amaloli yokulahla. Ngaleso sikhathi, imboni yasekhaya wayengakwazi, izindawo, imishini kanye nobuchwepheshe edingekayo ukuze kwakheke amathayi, angathathwa yakhelwe ukumelana lolu hlobo ukucindezeleka. Konke lokhu ukwakhiwa labetibambile 12 isondo elikhulu (ububanzi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 3 amamitha). MAZ-7904 yasungulwa ngenxa chassis unqamule izwe, ngakho-ke kwaba isici drive egcwele (isondo ifomula 12x12), nobude phansi imvume emude ngesigamu imitha. Ukuqalisa esigcwele ibhodi drive indlela esetshenziswa (esebenzisa ezivumelanisiwe omoya ezimbili hydromechanical). Futhi pair of phambi kanye pair of ama-ekseli amasondo ezingemuva elihambayo abangu eziqhutshwa. Lokhu kwakuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi engaba turning uzobe 50m kungagcini. izinjini ezimbili nazo avelele phakathi ontanga. Eyokuqala - umkhumbi V emise 12 cylinder udizili M-350 (oluqanjwe Leningrad elapha "izinkanyezi") - amandla kwaba 1500 hp. It is kwahambisana by turbocharged. Siyabonga kuye, e ukuhamba actuator ngqo umshini uqobo. Ngenxa yesibili - 330-amahhashi V8 udizili YaMZ-328 - sihlinzekela ukukhiqizwa energy giant izinhlelo asizayo. It is kwahambisana by turbocharging, esetshenziselwa idrayivu:

• kumphambukisa amaphampu wokubacindezela;
• ugesi;
• abalandeli;
• high and low ingcindezi compressors.

Izinga eliphakeme ekusithekeni

Imfihlo ukuhlolwa ukukhiqizwa ukuziphatha futhi ukusebenza iyunithi kwadingeka isikhathi amnyama kosuku kuphela. uhambisane wezempi ngesikhathi esifanayo misebenzi. Ngaphansi kokulawula kwazo sithole esikhathini kugqekezwa. Kuze kube yimanje, wezasemoyeni Soviet Belarus akufanele ziye oqashwe Western hlola iziphuphutheki. Ngemva kweqa imoto 547 km emaphethelweni Minsk kwathiwa adiliza, ukhwezwe platform okhethekile 12-osnuyu futhi wathumela ensimini Kazakhstan (the cosmodrome Baikonur emzini igama elifanayo).

Izizathu zokuxhumana giant nge Kazakhstan

Kwakunezizathu ezizwakalayo ezimbalwa ukuthi lesi sinqumo. Uma kukhona ukuvuza siphungule ukuthuthukiswa oluthathwa, inguqulo incazelo kuzodala ethutha besiyoba sikhulu block efuna ngiyinake ngokuphelele (noma amabhlogo amaningi indivisible) isikhala namarokhethi (isb, "Amandla" imicibisholo). Isizathu sesibili kubangelwa ubunjalo injongo yale umshini weqiniso, nangalowo Kazakhstan unobuhlobo ngqo naye. Amasosha wafuna ukudala izimo iqembu 10 kulezi zintaba njalo zenyuka zithutha phakathi ivaliwe amakhilomitha amaningi umzila phakathi emaqeleni Kazakhstan. Ngamunye the inqwaba chassis kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi "ikhaya." Wayefanele ukubukeka lendlu yebhanoyi. Komunye wayo (futhi mhlawumbe nezinye) enikeziwe imishini lendlu yebhanoyi isiqalisi nge missile. Ngo mbono, kwathiwa babecabanga ukuthi isitha kungaba into engenakwenzeka ukuthola kulokho noma kulokho lendlu yebhanoyi seliya ngomutsha. Lo mbono ayikwazi kubhekwe entsha ngesikhathi. On the endaweni ye-USSR isivele ine zenyuka zithutha eyodwa isitimela, ngisho eqenjini labo. Wayelethwa wazifihla njengendlela lezimpahla noma isitimela umgibeli. Ngakho-ke wawusegunjini ngaphakathi zenuzi missile InterContinental, elungele noma iluphi ezingalindelekile yesibili isitha isiteleka emuva nePentagon.

izinhlelo ezinganeni

Emihle noma emibi for izwe kuyinto ukuyibiza umphumela ayaziwa, kodwa liveza umqondo ikholomu ezihambayo abaqapheli.

Imodeli kuphela walo mshini akuyona ngisho ukwazi ukuhlomisa lendlu yebhanoyi.

Phakathi Kazakh ukuhlolwa umshini ngemva ukudlula 4100 amakhilomitha (athuthukile ngesivinini esiphezulu sabhalwa ngaphakathi 27 km / h) lwembula ukuba khona isikhashana abalulekile ezingezinhle. Ebusweni ukwesekwa kuthonywa ngokweqile ingcindezi ethile ngesikhathi kwesondo ngalinye yalokho iqondiswe umthwalo omkhulu 30 wamathani. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwaholela permeability encishisiwe, Yiqiniso ubulukhuni nokusingatha abampofu. Kulokhu, ongaphakeme-isivinini imoto ezinyakazayo ballasted kwenzeka ngaphakathi zokuhamba kanzima.

Shaposhnik futhi inqubo zazesaba ukuthi omkhulu Axial umthwalo ngeke avuse ukuthi amasondo igiya ngeke kuwele hhayi babhajwe phansi.

Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kuka-2007, kwaba sobala ukuthi emva kweminyaka wesitoreji umshini endaweni lendlu yebhanoyi zenitovskih ukuqala (kulendawo aphethwe inhlangano zomphakathi "Design Bureau of Ezokuthutha Imishini"), yawa ngaphansi kwethonya ukugqwala. Ngo-2010, it usike laqaqwa.