Uyini ukumelana kagesi?

Kuze kube manje, esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu kwanoma iyiphi impahla kuyinto ukumelana layo kagesi. Lokhu kungenxa ngendlela engakaze ibonwe emlandweni, ukusabalala izimoto kagesi ukuthi wenza ngendlela ehlukile ukubheka izakhiwo izinto ezizungezile kokubili umsuka yokufakelwa kanye zemvelo. Umqondo "ukumelana kagesi" luye lwaba njengebalulekile njengoba ukushisa ethize, njll Lusebenza ngokuphelele konke okusizungezile :. Amanzi, umoya, metal, ngisho cleaner.

Wonke umuntu yesimanje kufanele unombono izimfanelo izinto. Ephendula umbuzo othi "yini ukumelana kagesi" kuphela uma ungakwazi ukuphendula uma ukwazi okushiwo inkulumo ethi "zamanje kagesi". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi uqale ...

Amandla impahla ukubonakaliswa athomu. Bonke ixhunywe iqembu. Imodeli zamanje ngokomzimba uveza ukuthi i-athomu kufana umfuziselo walo kohlelo lezinkanyezi. In the isikhungo kuyinto core ukuthi kuhlanganisa ezimbili izinhlobo izinhlayiya: proton kanye neutrons. I-proton ine kagesi kuyinto enhle. Ngezinye amabanga sihluke nucleus omise isiyingi uphendukisa nezinye izinhlayiya - electron, lithwele icala ezimbi. Isibalo proton njalo oluhambisana inani electron, ngakho icala net zero. Umnyombo ezikude kusukela orbit electron (Valence), ubuthakathaka ibutho ezikhangayo ebambe khona kule nokwakheka athomu.

Ukudedela Umoya-amandla kazibuthe omise wamanje Generating umshini Valence electron. Kusukela kuyi-nucleus ye-athomu ilahlekelwe i-electron kuyinto proton "engadingekile", amandla ukuthatheka "rip" omunye electron Valence kusukela orbit yangaphandle ye-athomu engumakhelwane. Inqubo lwabamba yonke impahla isakhiwo. Umphumela ukunyakaza izinhlayiya icala (ama-athomu nge icala omuhle futhi electron mahhala kusukela e-negative), kanti okuthiwa kagesi.

Indaba, okuyinto isakhiwo electron ezungeza yangaphandle kalula ukushiya athomu ibizwa ngokuthi umqhubi. ukumelana layo kagesi incane. Lokhu izinsimbi iqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwenziwa izintambo ikakhulukazi kwi aluminium nethusi asetshenziswa. Ngokomthetho Ohm sika, kagesi ukumelana umqhubi iyona ratio elakhiwe voltage generator wamanje amandla edlulayo. Phela, lo ukumelana kukalwa e "ohms".

Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kukhona izinto lapho ama-electron Valence lincane kakhulu noma kakhulu ama-athomu kude nezinye (gas) ngamunye, ngakho isakhiwo sabo sangaphakathi ngeke likwazi ukunikeza ukugeleza zamanje. Ziba igama dielectrics futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa imigqa conductive kwezobunjiniyela kagesi. I ukumelana kagesi kuzo kakhulu.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yisivikelo ezimanzi iqala ekhaya azokuqhubela ugesi. Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho Eqinisweni, unesithakazelo esikhethekile inamathela yombuzo "ngabe ukumelana kagesi amanzi ayemaningi khona." Impendulo yalo impikiswano: yebo nangokuthi cha. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma into ye-electron Valence kuncane, futhi isakhiwo ngokwaso yakhiwa voids mkhulu kunezinhliziyo izinhlayiya (khumbula ishadi lesikhathi ne-hydrogen ne olulodwa electron orbit), ezimweni ezivamile, conductivity ayikho qobo. Le ncazelo amanzi ephelele: uxhumano yamagesi ezimbili, sikubiza ketshezi. Ngempela, ukuba nhlobo ukungcola ziyoncibilika, kuba yisivikelo esihle kakhulu. Kodwa kusukela ubunjalo amanzi zihlale ekhona kasawoti, le conductivity kagesi is owenziwa ngibo. Ngezinye ukugcwaliswa yayo ezingeni kuthinta isixazululo kanye lokushisa (isimo uquqaba). Yingakho impendulo yombuzo hhayi kungaba, ngoba amanzi lihlukile.