Palmitic acid. Izakhiwo, ukukhiqizwa, isicelo

Palmitic acid (elinye igama - hexadecanoic) - a monocarboxylic ayegcwele (okunamafutha) acid. Okuvame kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Ngokokuqala ngqá yalolu ketshezi itholakala amafutha esundu. Esters nosawoti yaleli acid abizwa ngokuthi palmitate. Eziningi zalezi esters ka crystallinity bese eyama wax. It has le ndlela elandelayo chemical: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. Futhi ifomula ayo enokwehla kuyinto: C16H32O2.

Ukuthola palmitic acid ngokwemvelo

Le nto, njengoba ingxenye iningi glycerides amafutha Lokudabuka yemifino kanye ezilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, sifaka uwoyela soybean 6.5%, amafutha esundu - 38-47%, lard - 30%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hexadecanoic acid eyilungu ezinye waxes: e spermaceti equkethwe 90% isidoda whale hexadecanoic acid cetyl ester, futhi ngengcina yezinyosi mayelana 30% ee myristyl ether. Ngo isilwane eziphilayo palmitic acid ingumkhiqizo ekupheleni okunamafutha acid zamagama kusukela acetyl-CoA.

Ngesimo hexadecanoic acid glyceride lichaza ekwakheni has a amafutha esundu, a emifino izithelo Chinese Melika nawase Croton sebiferum Stillinga sebifera, imbewu Rhus succedanea (a wax), a wax mirikonovom berry Myrica cerifera, e lanolin. Embusweni khulula palmitic acid itholakala imbewu paprika ezimpikiswaneni Lycopodium wax cadaveric (the main okuyingxenye).

Izakhiwo zanoma palmitic acid:

1. Isimo (ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile) - zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle.

2. izinyo lomhlathi Isisindo 256, 43 g / Mol.

3. konga 0,841 g / cm³.

izakhiwo Thermal ka palmitic acid:

1. lokushisa ukuncibilika kwaba 62,9 ° C.

2. I ukuvala abacaphuni elilingana 105 ° C (at 0.01 mmHg. V.) Futhi 167 ° C (-1 mm HG. V.).

3. Flash iphuzu elilingana 192 ° C.

4. izinyo lomhlathi ukushisa umthamo (at kwezimo ezivamile) kuyinto 460 J / (Mol · K).

Yiziphi izindawo amakhemikhali hexadecanoic acid?

1. solubility emanzini ilingana 0.0007 (ku-20 ° C).

2. solubility e Ethanol kuyinto 2600 (ngesikhathi 7,2 ° C).

3. Palmitic acid sinokuhlasela oncibilikayo benzene futhi acetone.

izakhiwo optical palmitic acid:

1. Inkomba yezokubona kuyinto 1,4219.

Ulungiselela palmitic acid

Le into ingatholakala ngezindlela eziningana:

1. ngu crystallization wamaqhuzu noma retifikatsii kusukela Izingxube fatty acid okuye okulungiselelwe saponification kwamafutha noma paraffins namachibi.

2. Lapho cetyl utshwala ngokubeka amalahle ngomcako lo sodium ukuze 270 ° C (Dumas futhi Stas).

C16H33OH (utshwala cetyl) + O2 (i-oksijini) = C15H31COOH + H2 O (amanzi)

3. Lapho ukuncibilika elaidic (oleic acid) ne-sodium hydroxide:

CH3 (CH2) 7CH (oleic acid) = CH (CH2) 7SOON + H2O (amanzi) + O = C15H31COOH (palmitic acid ifomula) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

4. Uma nitric acid namachibi-2-oktodekanonom:

CH3 (CH2) 15-CO-CH3 + 3o (i-oksijini) = C15H31COOH (hexadecanoic acid) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

5. Futhi le nto kungenziwa kuhlelwe umqondo ngu indlela ye yodyura cyanide pentadecylic utshwala:

C15H31J + KCN (cyano kwakwakhe) = KJ + C15H31-CN;

C15H31-CN (cyano kwakwakhe) + 2H2O (amanzi) = C15H31COOH (ikhemikhali etholakala) + NH3

Lapho esetshenziswa palmitic acid?

1. Kubhekwe contact impahla esetshenziswe stearin womshini napalm (ingxube ekhethekile nge stearic acid), insipho nomjuluko opaque yezimonyo in kanye ezihlukahlukene, plasticizers kanye zokugcoba. Le nqubo yale acid isetshenziswa womshini amakhandlela.

2. Calcium palmitate isetshenziswa njengendlela wengxenye ye izingoma ukuze bazivikele umswakama namanzi (amanzi repellency) kwesikhumba, izindwangu ahlukahlukene, ukhuni, izimonyo-non-okusobala kanye makeup.

3. Futhi, i-sodium palmitate futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku ingxenye (a thickener) toilet futhi insipho yasendlini emulsifier ehlanganisa amalungiselelo yezimonyo.

4. Isidingo methyl palmitate palmitic acid ezinye nemikhiqizo yalo, hexadecanol. Futhi, lolu ketshezi isetshenziswa njengoba isithokela zethu ezingokwenyama ukudla.

5. Ngaphambili kuholele usawoti hexadecanoic acid osetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa nezimagqabhagqabha ezithaka imithi.