Ukusetshenziswa lasers

Igama elithi "laser" ngakho siqine ezimpilweni zethu, ukuthi lezi amadivaysi cishe uyazi zonke izakhamuzi omdala planethi. Ukusetshenziswa lasers isibe wesiko futhi cishe nsuku zonke. It is lisetshenziswe eziningi izindawo kwabantu.

US zesayensi ababesebenza esikhumulweni laboratory waziwa kubo. isimangalo Lorenz ukuthi bakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ugongolo ngobukhulu engakaze ibonwe. Amandla laser kwaba Watts 500 futhi 1.85 trillionov Joules Mega ka emisebe ye-UV. uvumelanise aqanjiwe has a Usayizi 2 mm ububanzi, kodwa akuwona amandla akhe kukhulu kunesono okuyinto ezijatshulelwa wonke amadivayisi amandla ukudliwa e-United States, ukusebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo. laser ekushiseni okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100, futhi ingaphezu maphakathi lwamandla enilusebenzisa - ilanga.

Uyini laser? Lena umthombo emisebeni kagesi, ogxile ekushayweni molecule ama-athomu inkanuko yobulili. Lihlanganisa amabanga ebonakalayo, infrared kanye ultraviolet, ngezimiso eziphakeme kakhulu isiqondiso radiation, yikhono layo eliyingqayizivele.

Sebenzisa ezihlukahlukene lasers. Isetshenziselwa ezindaweni yizenzo zabantu ezifana imithi, biology, umkhakha lempi, indawo kanye nezokuxhumana, isitoreji ulwazi, ukulinganisa amabanga cosmic, kwelivi namathelevishini, ubuchwepheshe okusezingeni eliphezulu, nokunye okuningi. Ososayensi namuhla sibonga laser ukukhanya monochromatic kwanoma iyiphi wavelength. Lokhu kungaba okuqhubekayo ekushayweni spectrum nge ishayela emincane noma ultrashort.

izinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-lasers:

- negesi;

- okuqinile;

- ketshezi.

Imodi kushintshana ishayela usebenza irubi laser, kodwa gaseous main zokusebenza izidakamizwa, yebo, igesi. Ama-athomu omoya wayo ezivezwa kagesi osenyameni ishayela.

Kukhona Semiconductor lasers, okuyizinto amadivayisi okuqhubekayo. Amandla emisebe ye-okuyinto esithathwayo i kagesi. Kukhona futhi lasers igesi-ashukumisayo. Inamandla kakhulu, babe okufanayo negama isisekelo, elinesimo isenzo esiqhubekayo. Isimiso wokusebenza kusekelwe inqubo Ukupholisa ngomoya leSupersonic igesi notshwala.

izinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-lasers zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana kuye phepha okwalotshwa kulo asebenza udayi, igesi, umusi metal noma okuqinile-state.

izazi zezinkanyezi Original yesimanje wasebenzisa laser bese uthole imiphumela emangalisayo. Bazimisele ibanga ngqo satellite eMhlabeni - Moon, futhi yayisetshenziselwa lesi silingo ngokugqamile, laser irubi nekhona reflectors. ososayensi usebenzisa ebhekiwe laser isibonakude wathumela ebusweni. Ngu isikhathi esichithwe indlela eya enyangeni nasemuva, ibanga ngqo wayezimisele.

Kwezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa lasers Liyindawo ezibanzi. Ngosizo bebuyile abantu ukuba baphile impilo egcwele. Isibonelo kungenzeka imisebenzi olwenziwa kuyi-retina ngesikhathi okuyinto esikhundleni nommese, odokotela basebenzisa zonke laser efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kagesi umthombo emisebeni isetshenziselwa ukwelapha yokulimala kabi ithambo, kanye phakathi nokuhlinzwa uma liyadingeka kwakwakhe idabukile kwemisipha izicubu.

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo laser udlawana anamathuba entsha ekucwaningeni amaprotheni. Kabanzi laser magnetisation kanye nokupholisa uma molecule adingekayo usebenzisa okushisa ultralow. It is ukusebenzisa lasers e Fusion, ukwelashwa surface, ukwelashwa ukushisa futhi eyaziwa ukuqina izinsimbi, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izikhali zanamuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2009 inkampani American Northrop Grumman umise okuqinile-isimo laser kagesi, emandleni akhe kwaba 100 kW. Ukuthuthukiswa yayihloselwe ulwe emoyeni futhi phansi okuhloswe ngaso ukuzivikela wezwe.