Izakhiwo Material. ukushisa ethize

Ucwaningo imihlola ezishisayo edingekayo ukwethulwa nomqondo zesayensi ukushisa ethize. Naphezu edlulayo akhe futhi kuncike ezicini eziningi, lesi silinganiso ikuvumela ukuba lula izibalo hhayi kuphela phakathi ucwaningo, kodwa futhi imisebenzi esisebenzayo ukukhiqizwa.

Okwakushiwo ngokomzimba yokushisa ethize, okuyinto SI amayunithi ulinganiswa Joules ngayinye amakhilogremu-Kelvin, inani ukushisa (energy ezishisayo) edingekayo isisindo into eyodwa kilogram washintsha lokushisa yayo ngomunye Kelvin (degrees).

Ubukhulu ukushisa ethize kuthonywa lokushisa wangempela ketshezi. Amanzi ukufuthelana 20 ° C no-60 ° C, it has namanani ahlukene esibonisa index inikezwe. Ukuze izinto eziyisisekelo kuzo yabalelwa kusukela izifundo zokuhlola ukushisa ethize. Ifomula iye etholakala sokunquma ukwencika phakathi kwamagugu eziningana. isibalo sezibalo ihlanganisa lucobo amaningi. Esokuqala ethize ukushisa umthamo ngokwayo, okuyinto ukuze kube lula sithathwa cwaningo njalo izimo ezijwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ibalwa izimo ngabanye, isibonelo, umhwamuko (amanzi ukufuthelana lokushisa 373 Kelvin noma 100 ° C). Lokhu kulandelwa i-value ekhombisa ngobungako ukushisa etholwe (usule) izidakamizwa ngaphansi Ukushisa (lwaluyophola), nenqwaba evuthayo (selehlile) we ketshezi, umehluko lokushisa ngaphambi nangemva loluhlelo seluphelile.

ukushisa Specific kakhulu ekukhetheni into ethile njengoba izinto zokwakha ukuze isetshenziswe izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ifriji noma bafudumale izinhlelo. Sekuyisikhathi eside waphawula ukuthi izinto kokuba obulinganako, asetshenziselwa amalahle ubuningi ezahlukene ukushisa amandla. Aluminium ezinengilazi, isibonelo ukuthola ukuphakelwa iyunifomu kwezinga lokushisa okusuka zemvelo emisebeni yelanga, futhi ngeke ashisise kakhulu engaphezu kwengu-izakhiwo efanayo ezenziwe ngokhuni noma kakhonkolo ezivamile.

Uma ucabangela ukhonkolo nokushisa ezithile 1000 J / kg-K, omunye singaphetha ngokuthi ukushisa elilodwa kg impahla ngayinye Kelvin zidinga amandla 1000 J. Izinkuni ukuthola umphumela ofanayo usebenzisa ukushisa kabili ezingaphezu kuka obulinganako gas ukhonkolo . Lokhu kuthinta hhayi kuphela induduzo microclimatic yamagceke, kodwa futhi ku amazinga ahlukene lokushisa ukunwebeka imiklamo.

Okunabileko ngokuya ukushisa exchange izinqubo kuyinto amanzi avamile. On isibonelo abakulo kungabonakala ngokucacile kuyofikwa, ukuthi inkomba "ukushisa umthamo othize" lomcebo ngamunye ithonya elikhulu yakhe isimo ngokomzimba. Ukuqhubeka isibonelo amanzi, wembula ethakazelisayo. Ngezinye 0 ° C esimweni liquid it has a ukushisa ezithile 4.218, futhi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka 40 ° C kakade 4.178 kJ / (kg * K). Kodwa ice lokushisa ikhalisiwe 0 ° C ukushisa umthamo lehla ezingeni 2.11 kJ / (kg * K).

Amanzi uketshezi ephezulu ukushisa ethize. Ukuze gxuma olandelayo ngokwezinga elithile noma kunikeza bumunca umthamo omkhulu ukushisa kunanoma iyiphi enye into. Ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukunikeza ukushisa yokufakelwa.

Ukuze kube lula, itafula izibalo ngaphandle ethize ukushisa ibalwa ukusebenza emagrafutitfombe eyodwa kilogram isisindo, ine ikholomu ezengeziwe izinkulumo inikezwe isici ilitha (noma dm3) izidakamizwa. Ukusebenzisa ithebula idatha, onjiniyela kanye nabaqambi ukwenza ukukhethwa izinto ezifanele kakhulu ukugcwaliseka izinhlelo zabo futhi imibono. Njengoba sekunama-izinto ezintsha kanye izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele kwelulwe kakhulu ezahlukene ngoba bethanda, kodwa ngisho izinto ezilula futhi ezingabizi ngezinye izikhathi uyakwazi ukubenza ukuncintisana.