UMbazi Nikkolo Pizano: Biography, nobuciko kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Lesi sihloko sizogxila ukuphila nomsebenzi we umqophi Italian and umklami Nikkolo Pizano. Kuyaqapheleka njengoba umsunguli esikoleni Italian bokwakha ezathonya ukuthuthukiswa bokubeka lonke elase-Italy.

umsuka

Nikkolo Pizano ubhekwa umsunguli esikoleni ebaziwe Italian futhi uyise umqophi abadumile abanamakhono Dzhovanni Pizano. Futhi it is obonwa umsunguli Protorenessansa isiko. I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa Yinkosi engaziwa. Abacwaningi yomsebenzi wakhe kusikisela ukuthi usuku kungenzeka kubhekwe ku 1219.

I umqophi wazalwa ngo Puglia, eningizimu ye-Italy. Uma siphendukela emilandwini Siena, uzothola ukuthi ibizwa ngokuthi indodana Pietro. "Pisano" - akulona igama langempela, kodwa kuphela isidlaliso ukuthi umklami kwaba, isikhathi eside wasebenza Pisa.

yokufunda

Nikkolo Pizano, omsebenzi wakhe ubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi akhona ezingeni lelisetulu amakhono, wafunda emakhosini abavamile ezweni lakubo. Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi waqeqeshwa workshop, owasebenza Brasco ehlombe uMbusi noFrederick II futhi yayiyinto eyinhloko isiko classic. Kumele wathi efika Pisa isivele ngempela kwakhiwa umbazi. Njengoba isikhathi iye yabonisa ukuthi yenza isinqumo esifanele, ukuyeka isiko WaseByzantium ngenxa kubuyela plastic zezwe lasendulo. Kukholakala ukuthi emhlabeni 1245 m-Nikkolo Pizano ueahal Tuscany lapho azikhandla khona Castello Del Prato uMbusi.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umqophi futhi ubeke endaweni: sibangelwa Lucca, lapho aqhubeka khona ebaziwe sakhe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, enaka e Pisa (ephakathi kwengu-1245 futhi 1250). Kuyinto kuleli dolobha Nikkolo Pizano wahlangana nenkosikazi yakhe ephakeme yesikhathi esizayo, futhi waba nguyise. lover yakhe uyazi lutho. Pisano indodana wayemthanda futhi wafundisa izikebhe yakhe esemncane. Njengoba ukuthuthela Pisa, uqala ukuvela wonke amadokhumenti ngaphansi kwegama Nikkolo Pizano.

ekudalweni

Abacwaningi ayikwazi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi kwakungekaNkulunkulu esandleni umqophi Pisano. Kukholakala ukuthi umhlobiso enqabeni Castello del uMbusi eyingoduso ngakuye. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umbhali wezingonyama kuboniswe ingosi enqabeni, futhi, yena. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe isikhathi Tuscan zihlanganisa "ikhanda intombazane", olubonakaliswa eRoma (Palazzo Venezia). Ngo Lucca sikhulumela umhlobiso olungaphambili lwesonto Cathedral St Martin sika.

wobuciko lokuqala

Nikkolo Pizano, ogama ukubaza aye ahlangana e lonke elase-Italy, ngo-1255 wathola umyalelo othize e Pisa, owawuthi kwaba ukudala sihlalo we-okubhapathiza. Kule project umqophi wasebenza nabangani bakhe Lapo Di Richevuto futhi Arnolfo di Cambio. Kwaba umsebenzi yokuqala Pisano usesayine. Kuthathwa wobuciko yakhe yokuqala, njengoba inkosi wakwazi sihlanganise zakudala ngasekupheleni isitayela wamaRoma.

Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphambi Pisano ngenkuthalo wafunda ndaba sculptural isikhathi kuka-Awugustu, ngakho eziningi ke kwabonakala uMnyango we okubhapathiza. Kwakuyisikhathi isakhiwo 6-carbon eyenziwe emhlophe, pink amnyama zemabula oluhlaza, okuyinto uhlezi phezu nemengamo. Lesi sakamuva enziwa isitayela Gothic ngesimo trefoil. Arch isekela amakholomu okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi amakhona lwaleli ngayinye ibekwe sibalo yimiphi cardinal izimfanelo ezine (sibalo ethandwa kakhulu - umfanekiso Force ngesimo Hercules). Kukholakala ukuthi ukudalwa nje amakhosi izindawo zokubhapathiza enjalo ephefumlelwe nemengamo ngokunqoba eRoma, ayivusa bahlonishwe, lapho eya e-Ostia.

Masikhumbule ukuthi satholakala eKhothameni Lika Constantine nayo ehlotshiswe amakholomu futhi imifanekiso. Kule minyaka ukuboniswa izigcawu ezihlukahlukene kusukela ngokuphila kukaJesu Kristu. "The Last Judgment", "Wokudumisa izazi," "Ukuletha ethempelini," "Ukubethelwa" nokunye D. Futhi, ukusebenza phezu yokubhapathiza awanakuziziba sobala amathonya zakudala ukuthi Pisano waqeqeshwa ngesikhathi enkantolo kaKesari noFrederick II. Kukholakala ukuthi imisebenzi best of Niccolò - impumuzo "I Annunciation", "Wokudumisa Abelusi" futhi "Ukuzalwa KukaKristu". Kulesi umsebenzi umqophi ngempumelelo kuhlangene ubuchwepheshe amakhosi okushiwo engcwele amasiko Christian zasendulo nezanamuhla. Kulesi sithombe ungcwele futhi okusikhumbuza umsebenzi amakhosi lasendulo: base esinesithunzi, sublime neqondayo.

Cima nendodana yakhe

Around 1264 Pisano sebeqedile ngomsebenzi kufanele kube Dome yokubhapathiza. Ekuqaleni kwalo eyingoduso wezakhiwo Diotisalvi, kodwa ke umsebenzi wanikwa Niccolò. I umqophi unqume ukwenza okubhapathiza ngenhla bese belihlobisa ne domes ezimbili. Around 1278 ukusiza Niccolò kwafika indodana yakhe Giovanni, owasiza ukuphothula yokubhapathiza elingavamile, behlobisa olungaphambili lwesonto eziqoshiwe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, Niccolò waqala ukusebenza phezu iphrojekthi kwe Ark kaNKulunkulu izinsalela St Dominic. Ukuthuthukiswa Pisano uphakamise, kodwa umsebenzi okunye sinqatshiwe. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, kwakusadingeka isandla kudalwa ethuneni ukuze ukwazi ukuphinde Saint. Dominic e Bologna kanye Fra Guglielmo.

UMnyango ngokuba Siena Cathedral

Around 1265 waqala ukusebenza phezu umnyango ukuze Siena Cathedral. Sekukonke uye wachitha kuso cishe iminyaka emithathu. Isihlalo sifana kakhulu wobuciko yakhe yokuqala - the yokubhapathiza. Nokho, lapha kushintshile ububanzi futhi isakhiwo esakhiwe ezinkudlwana ngobukhulu. Futhi inothi liwumhlobiso, ngoba kwaba zikanokusho kakhulu kunangesikhathi uphenyo lokuqala. On iphrojekthi ke wayesenza umsebenzi nabangani bakhe abaqotho - indodana Giovanni, by Arnolfo di Cambio futhi Lapo Di Richevuto. Uma sihlaziya le imifanekiso okwenyanga ezintathu-ntathu, singasho ukuthi zingabantu kakhulu ithonya French Gothic.
Umsebenzi wokugcina Nicola futhi Dzhovanni Pizano - kungumthombo, okuyinto yayihloselwe ukuhlobisa esigcawini main e Perugia. Ezifungelwe bagomela ngokuthi Niccolò eyakhelwe esontweni Santa Trinita e Florence, njengesikhumbuzo sokuzinikela Cistercian Gothic, okuyinto baqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa yayo e-Italy.

Efingqa singasho ukuthi Niccolò kwaba ukhokho wawo esikoleni Italy ebaziwe, eyathatha kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIV, kanye nethonya layo lasakazekela lonke elase-Italy. Okuningi ngemisebenzi Pisano kungokwalabo esidlule kwakufanekisela yisikhathi futhi izithombe, isikhala yayisigcwele, ngaphandle kokunikeza indiza emkhathini we fancy. Kodwa umsebenzi Nikkolo Pizano (imidwebo yakhe) ukulungiselela umphakathi ukuze izinguquko ezinkulu emkhakheni ebaziwe yokwakha. Babé uhlobo zithuthukisa gxuma eliphezulu. iminyaka 1260-1270 babematasa kakhulu zokuyinhloko, ngoba wayethola oda abavela kulo lonke elase-Italy.