Chlorine oxide

Oxides noma oxides izakhi ezihlukahlukene ngokuthi kwakwakhe nomoya-mpilo. Cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye yakha compounds ezinjalo. Chloro, kanye nezinye halogens, ungachazwa compounds anjalo athi namachibi omuhle. Zonke oxides chlorine kukhona izinto sibi kakhulu, okuyinto sici for the oxides of halogens. Four izidakamizwa eyaziwa kabani molecule chlorine ne-oksijini.

1. kwakwakhe gaseous kusuka ophuzi ukuze ngokubomvu umbala ne iphunga isici (iphunga okusikhumbuza Cl2 igesi) - chlorine oxide (I). Chemical ifomula Cl2O. I ukuma ngu 116 ° C, izinga lokushisa abilayo + 2 ° C. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ukuminyana yayo ilingana 3,22 kg / m³.
2. igesi Yellow noma orange-yellow ne iphunga isici - chlorine oxide (IV). Chemical ifomula ClO2. I ukuma lokususa 59 ° C, abilayo plus 11 ° C.
3. Abomvu ansundu uketshezi - chlorine oxide (VI). Chemical ifomula Cl2O6. Ukuma plus 3,5 ° C, abilayo plus 203 ° C.
4. Kungekho nto enemibala emihle oily uketshezi - chlorine oxide (VII). Chemical ifomula Cl2O7. Ukuma lokususa 91,5 ° C, i-abilayo plus 80 ° C.

Oxide chlorine isimo namachibi ukubeka +1 anhydride ibuthakathaka monobasic hypochlorous acid (HClO). Njengoba yenziwe ngu indlela Peluso yayo oxide mercuric ukusabela chlorine igesi ngokuvumelana omunye ukusabela zibalo: 2Cl2 + 2HgO → Cl2O + Hg2OCl2 noma 2Cl2 + HgO → Cl2O + HgCl2. ageleze izimo lezi basabela ngezindlela ezingafani. Chlorine oxide (I) iwukufingqwa ezingeni lokushisa lokususa 60 ° C ngoba at okushisa ephakeme sekubola okukhulu, futhi ifomu kanzulu kuyinto evuthayo. Cl2O isixazululo aqueous etholwe chlorination emanzini noma alikhali carbonates, ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi. Oxide ancibilikisa kahle emanzini, kwakheka lapho acid hypochlorous is: Cl2O + H2O ↔ 2HClO. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibizwa nangokuthi ziyoncibilika carbon tetrachloride.

dioxide isimo namachibi oxide chlorine +4 eyaziwa okuhlukile. Lokhu kwaziswa kwaba ziyoncibilika emanzini, sulfuric futhi acid acetic, acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, nezinye ezihogelwayo nge okwandisa polarity okwandisa solubility yayo. Ngo-laboratory it is okulungiselelwe ukusabela potassium chlorate nge oxalic acid: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + 2ClO2 + CO2 + H2O. Njengoba chlorine oxide (IV) kuyinto nemiyo kuqhume, asikwazi elondolozwe ku isixazululo. Ngenxa yale njongo, Silica isetshenziswa, kabani ebusweni adsorbed ifomu ClO2 zingagcinwa isikhathi eside, nakuba bengenakukwazi ukuqeda yokungcolisa chlorine yayo ukungcola, ngoba hhayi amuncwa ijeli Silica. Ezimweni zezimboni ClO2 okulungiselelwe ukunciphisa nge-sulphur dioxide ebukhoneni sulfuric acid, i-sodium chlorate: 2NaClO3 + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2NaHSO4 + 2ClO2. Kwakuvamise njengoba bleach, isib, iphepha noma i-cellulose, njll, kanye lokuhlanzisisa magciwane izinto ezihlukahlukene.

isimo namachibi oxide chlorine +6, sekubola ngokuvumelana yokusabela ezothando phezu ukuncibilika: Cl2O6 → 2ClO3. Inkhulumo lelungiselelwe chlorine oxide (VI) oxidizing le dioxide-ozone: 2O3 + 2ClO2 → 2O2 + Cl2O6. Lokhu oxide uyakwazi ukusabela nezixazululo ane-alikhali futhi amanzi. Kulokhu yokusabela disproportionation zenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusabela nge potassium hydroxide: 2KOH + Cl2O6 → KClO3 + KClO4 + H2O, umphumela chlorate etholwe ne-potassium perchlorate.

Ephakeme oxide chlorine obizwa nangokuthi chlorine dihlorogeptaoksid noma anhydride kuyinto oxidant enamandla. Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi pin noma qhumisa uma ukufuthelana. Nokho, lokhu ketshezi kuyinto sizinze kakhulu kunaleso oxides esimweni namachibi +1 futhi +4. Nokwahlukana yona chlorine ne-oksijini yanda khona oxides ephansi futhi kuvuleka lokushisa lisuka ku-60 laya ku-70 ° C. Chlorine oxide (VII) uyakwazi kancane oncibilikayo emanzini abandayo, ukusabela okuholela ukhiqiza chloric acid: H2O + → Cl2O7 2HClO4. Dihlorogeptaoksid okulungiselelwe ngobumnene amalahle perchloric acid ne anhydride wali band: P4O10 + 2HClO4 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11. Cl2O7 futhi ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa oleum esikhundleni phosphorus pentoxide.

Isigaba-chemistry wezinto ezingaphili, okuyinto study Halogen oxides, kuhlanganise oxides, chlorine, basungula ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, kusukela lezi zakhi yilezi amandla kakhulu. Bayakwazi combustors jet yokudlulisa amandla ngokushesha futhi chemical imithombo zamanje ijubane ukufinyela kwalo kungase elawulwa. Esinye isizathu abantu abaningi ababebonisa isithakazelo - ukuthi kungenzeka Kuhlanganisa amaqembu amasha compounds wezinto ezingaphili, isib, chlorine oxide (VII) iyona sikakhokho ka perchlorates.