Yemvelo labantu ukwehla - the ngokweqile of nokufa phezu ukubeletha

eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu izimo zanamuhla e emininingwaneni yabantu Russian. Uma siqhathanisa lizwe ngokuya labantu, Russia, yebo, akuyona neze indawo yokugcina. Nokho, lokho akusho ukuthi ukungabi khona izinkinga. Cabangela eminye ukuthi yemvelo labantu ukwehla.

Umcabango

Uma eRussia ngaleso sikhathi, ngisho noma inombolo ekhona ezizalwa befa ngamunye izinkulungwane 1. Abantu. iyafana emazweni aseNtshonalanga, isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu kungaba ngcono kakhulu. одна из наиболее актуальных проблем сегодня в стране. Yemvelo labantu ukwehla - lena enye yezinkinga embi kakhulu ezweni namuhla. It kuvela ngenxa ngokweqile abantu ababulawa phezu ukubeletha.

Kanjani ukugubha okungeziwe, uma inani lokufa namuhla walondoloza ezingeni 80-yalolucwaningo. nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, lapho Inkomba ekhona njengamanje ezizalwa, isikhundla ezweni lethu ngokuya labantu kungaba kakhulu kunalokhu. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi akuyona imifanekiso, is ekubumbeni Dynamics esizayo. It is ichazwa wenzalo jikelele kanye nokushona. . ukungaboni ngaso linye kwabo, lona ngokwalo lukhombisa ngesilinganiso yemvelo ukwanda / kwehla sabantu.

izibalo

Kufanele ukuthi ezingeni eliphansi ukukhiqizwa kabusha isimo akukanciphi kuyingozi ukwedlula zemvelo labantu ukwehla. подтверждается статистическими данными. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa izibalo. Esikhathini esidlule 13 iminyaka, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-20.4 baye bafa eRussia, futhi kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-2004 - .. kwezigidi ezingu 28,2 umnikelo ukwandisa ingxenye yokufa ubonakele kane ephakeme ukwedlula ukwehla izinga lokuzalwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imithombo ezahlukene Rosstat kukhona izinkomba ezahlukene ngoba ingabe kungenzeka ukuba sihlaziye lo mkhuba jikelele depopulation.

1992. Со следующего, 1993-го г., ее показатель ниже 750 тыс. чел. Unyaka wokuqala emlandweni wanamuhla, esalotshwa yemvelo labantu ukwehla - kuyinto 1992. Ngo olandelayo, 1993, emhlanganweni umzimba wayo engaphansi kuka 750 ayizinkulungwane abantu .. Angizange iwe. Ngo-1994, i-isikhathi sokuqala post-yimpi izinga abafa lalingaphezu abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,3. Ngokulandelana, anda zemvelo labantu ukwehla. был не одномоментный всплеск. Kwakungekhona wesikhathi esisodwa yokwanda. A mkhuba omusha ezimbi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa izibalo kwezibalo: kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-1996 sasifana nokuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-3250 izinkulungwane, futhi eminyakeni eyalandela anda ukuze izinkulungwane zabantu 3350 .... Ekhulwini lama-21 (kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2004) Inkomba kudlulwe ayizinkulungwane 3550. Abantu.

inqubo uhlawula

в той либо другой степени возмещалось притоком мигрантов. Ukwenqaba labantu e elithile noma ngenye indlela kwatheleka ukuyithola kwababaleki. Ngo-1994 inani labo aba yizinkulungwane 846. Abantu. Ngale ndlela, 95% ukuzithumela kwezinye izindawo nokufa u-offset. Kulesi ukuhlaziya idatha yayo yonke eminye iminyaka kubonisa ukuncipha kancane kancane indima compensatory yenqubo ukufuduka. Ngokuvamile, engaphezu kuka-13 of depopulation isimo offset ngo-35.2% (abantu 3.6 million.). Ngo 1992-1996 lizwe esikuthola kufuduka abantu abangaphezu kuka-2325 izinkulungwane, futhi kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2004 - .. Nje 282.000. Njengamanje, ukufuduka izinqubo, eqinisweni, musa isinxephezelo ezikhulayo ukwehla zemvelo.

izizathu

Ukunciphisa inani ochwepheshe ayizisebenzi exhumene ne kuncipha zithi ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union okubizwa ngokuthi kufuduka ezingaba khona. Phakathi neminyaka engu-90-xx. ngesiRashiya ngokuqhubekayo abantu babevela emazweni angomakhelwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo thina ayesabambelele kubo Russian. Ngezinga elincane phakathi ziboshwa ezintsha kwakungamadoda abomdabu of Kazakhstan, eCaucasus, Wed. I-Asia. Ngokuvamile, kuzo zonke izifunda ze-eduze kwelinye izwe ayizinkulungwane 1. Izivakashi Russian e 1989-2003, yayibuya abantu mayelana 370 eRussia.

Eziningi kuleli zwe waya Belarus, kunabo bonke - e-Azerbaijan. Ngenxa ukuthutheleka labantu Russian akuzange kwehle ngo-7, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-4 kuphela. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu ka-2002, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.5 kuye kwanda ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yezinguquko ingxenye Belarusians nase-Ukraine ukuba ukuvelela kwawo njengesizwe.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izazi njengoba isizathu esiyinhloko esenza abantu wokunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi emhosheni basemazweni angomakhelwane wayebizwa ukwehla amandla esikalini, futhi ushintshe izilungiselelo ukuthuthelwa labo iminyaka embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR ayikwazanga ukuba babuyele ezweni lenkaba yabo. Lokhu badukiswa inqubomgomo bezingelwa uhulumeni waseRussia.

ubuholi wezwe, ikakhulukazi, ayikwazanga ukusizakala isimo esikahle sokuxoxa. Maqondana ukubandlulula, njengoba kubonakala kula ukwamukelwa kwemithetho ngolimi, isakhamuzi, amalungelo okuvota nokunye. Kwamanye amazwe kwaba abakhuluma isi-Russian ilungele ukubuyela ezweni. Kodwa njengoba ayelibangise sihlangabezane izakhamuzi sezithiyo adalwe neziphathimandla. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke izinkanuko zabo emuva Russia acime ngokushesha.

Ukuqhathanisa nezinye emazweni

Ngemva kwempi, France, naphezu akukho nobunzima kancane emkhakheni kwezomnotho, ngingase ngibuyiselwe kwelakithi kusukela North. Afrika abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 1.5-2, isb. E. Cishe zonke Bakwethu. Germany emuva abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 10-12, Japan - .. 4.5 million Lokhu kuzokwenza amazwe ukwandisa wesitjhaba 5-6%. Isimo post-yimpi kula mazwe kubonisa inzuzo ezinkulukazi kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Caught in nesimo esifanayo, Russia cishe ukuze 90s ekupheleni. Wayehola izinqubomgomo kuphambene izithakazelo zabo kazwelonke. Lokhu kuvezwa isinqumo okokuqala ngokushesha ngemva ukuzimela, umthetho "Ngo yisakhamuzi". Ukulawulwa esungulwe nezithiyo eziningi abantu ababuya eRussia emva 1992

I isimo iphuzu

Kufanele, Nokho, kuthiwe phambi 1999, ngisho noma ngabe yemvelo ukulahlekelwa kufuduka ageleza ukwehla esivaliwe e isibalo sabantu eRussia. Kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-1998. babengamaphesenti abantu abayizinkulungwane 279 / ngonyaka (inani -. izinkulungwane zabantu 1950) ... Eminyakeni 6 esilandelayo, ukunciphisa kwaba kakade umxhwele - izinkulungwane zabantu 4785 .. Ngakho, ngesikhathi depopulation isibalo izakhamuzi kwehle ngo-abantu abayizigidi ezingu-4.9-6.8.

okutholakele

Ngokungafani namanye amazwe athuthukile, Russia has eziningana izici depopulation. ? Kuchazwa kanjani-ke yemvelo labantu ukwehla? ERussia, ukwehla inzalo iphuzu lapho inzalo bayakwazi esikhundleni 3/5 esizukulwane sabazali, kulekelelwa ngokwempilo yangenyama anda kuphela. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, kunciphisa Ukuphila kweminyaka engu-12-15, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifundazwe. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni endaweni rankings nge kiwo anjenge-Vietnam, eGuatemala, eHonduras, Egypt nokunye. EYurophu, akukho isimo lapho isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwabantu kuyoba esingaphansi eRussia.

isiphetho

Mangisho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa yemvelo akuyona into entsha umphakathi jikelele. Ekuqaleni kwawo-19-20 eminyaka. in a state of depopulation wahlala France. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20 nge isimo ezibhekene kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-70-yalolucwaningo. ngaphansi kwesimo izimo ezikahle kakhulu sokuthuthukisa inani lokufa okokuqala e ngemva kwempi lidlule inani ukubeletha. Lesi simo iqhubeka namuhla.

Ukuncipha kwemvelo waphawula kusukela ngo-1975 e-Austria. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ezayo, kusho ukwanda miserly kwenani labantu (1 keli. Per ayizinkulungwane 1.). Isimo sasifana eBelgium Italy, futhi-yalolucwaningo 90. - eSweden, Spain bese kuba iGrisi. Engxenyeni 80s yesibili. ukwehla zemvelo nasemkhakheni Czech Republic, eRomania, eBulgaria namanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Kusukela ngo-1999 kuya 2004. eRussia inombolo kubulala abantu unyaka ngamunye ngenhla 800-950 ukubeletha ayizinkulungwane ngayinye. abantu. Inani kuyehla 750-900 kwezigidi ezingu ngonyaka. Isimo nzima yokuthi kufuduka ilahlekelwe indima yayo compensatory. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu eRussia bazimisele kuphela sokumosha zemvelo. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi isimo ungaphakathi ezijulile crisis yezibalo.