Izivikeli mzimba

Ukuvulwa kwamaseli lokuqala izivikeli mzimba (1887) - phagocyte (macrophage) - fanele I. I. Mechnikovu. Phagocytosis (ukumuncwa ezinye amaseli) kwakuvele kwaziwa kusukela 1862. Nokho Mechnikov okokuqala kusungulwa ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi nale nqubo futhi umsebenzi zokuzivikela, okuyinto has amasosha omzimba. Ngokwabacwaningi abaningi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala khona igatsha elisha imithi - kwezokugoma.

Amasosha omzimba zomzimba womuntu iqoqo izakhiwo yokwakheka. Umsebenzi wayo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa ngokumelene Ukungena ejenti ezahlukene ezithathelwanayo kusukela imikhiqizo umzimba wabo, izinto nezicubu endowed angaphandle izakhiwo antigenic.

Amasosha omzimba ayakwazi siqaphela omningi Amagciwane - kusuka emagciwaneni kuya kubantu izimpethu, ngaleyo ndlela sikwazi ukuhlukanisa kubo kusukela molecule begazi amaseli siqu. Ezimweni eziningi, kwencazelo ejenti ezithathelwanayo kunzima kakhulu yikhono layo ukuzivumelanisa ngokuhlakulela izindlela ezintsha sokungena futhi ukutheleleka.

Antigen-molecule ukuthi ezenza abantu basabele ngendlela ethize. Akunjalo ngempela lwegciwane ingena emzimbeni kusuka ngaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, e pathologies sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba njengoba antigen kukhona amangqamuzana omzimba siqu.

Umgomo oyinhloko ukubhubhisa isakhiwo zokuzivikela lwegciwane elimazayo. Amasosha omzimba sinikezwe ezihlukahlukene izindlela namathuluzi ezinqala ekutholeni nokuqeda amanxusa akwamanye amazwe. lonke Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "impendulo" ezaziwayo. Ukuzivikela komzimba lingatholakala noma azalwa nako.

ukuphendula Kutholiwe iyahluka kwenye ekhona ngokucacile okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuphendula esingokwemvelo yohlobo wokuzimisela ejenti angaphandle. Uvumela Ukungena okuphindiwe lwegciwane ukuhlonza nekugwema ke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kwezinye izimo, umuntu akha Ukuvikelwa impilo yonke ngokumelene Ukungena antigen athile, isibonelo, ngemva inkukhu Pox, idiphtheria, isimungumungwane.

Kusukela iphuzu yokwakheka buka, izivikeli mzimba Kuthi wahlukana. Naphezu kwezingqinamba zisakaza yomzimba, zonke wetakhiwo abanobuhlobo obuseduze yi lymph kanye igazi emithanjeni yakhe. Ama-ejensi isakhiwo zokuzivikela sehlukaniswe emaphakathi kanye neuropathy. Kukhona futhi ukubulawa amasosha omzimba.

Ukuze central lymph izitho isakhiwo zokuzivikela zihlanganisa thymus (thymus), kumiswa lymph ku ikholoni, isithasiselo, isibindi fetus, umnkantsha.

amaseli Immunocompetent kucatshangwa leukocyte polynuclear, monocytes, ama-lymphocyte, Langerhans amaseli (omhlophe esikhumbeni epidermotsitov Process), kanye nabanye.

Ukuvikela neuropathy lymph izitho zihlanganisa ubende, izindlala zamanzi.

Ungqimba ingqikithi wonke amaseli eziyishumi nemitshingo esibandakanya omzimba omdala imayelana eyodwa kilogram.

Izinhlaka neuropathy kwamangqamuzana kwenzeka (okuvela umehluko phakathi amaseli eyohlobo) kanye ekwandeni antigen. Ngo izitho emaphakathi kanye izakhiwo phakathi ovuthiwe immunocompetent amaseli. I last (iningi labo) njalo afundwa. Ngakho, ingxenye amangqamuzana okuzivikela embhedeni semithambo ihamba maqondana yimuphi ikhadi isakhiwo zokuzivikela futhi emuva. Zonke izingxenye yezingxenye ayisivikelo isakhiwo kuhlobene. Amaseli nihlanganyele unaphakade ngqo ngokufaka uxhumano noma ukukhulula cytokines futhi immunoglobulin, ayisiza (amasosha omzimba) ku imvelo. Cytokines, okuyinto akhiwa monocytes futhi macrophage, eyaziwa ngokuthi monokines, futhi ezakhiwe lymphocyte - lymphokines.

Ngakho, ubudlelwane zonke izakhiwo kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni futhi abelwe iseli omzimba ayo yakha indlela eyinkimbinkimbi self-ukuvikelwa.