Izindlela wokucwaninga ngezakhi zofuzo lomuntu.

Namuhla zofuzo kakhulu olufanele emkhakheni yesayensi ucwaningo. Umfutho ukuthuthukiswa kwako kwakufana imfundiso kaZiqu owaziwa kaCharles Darwin phezu discreteness ufuzo, ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo futhi uguquko ngenxa izinguquko genotype ukudluliswa yenethiwekhi. Baqala ukuthuthuka kwayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, izakhi zofuzo, isayensi ifinyelele ngezinga elikhulu, izindlela zocwaningo zofuzo lomuntu okwamanje ingenye izindawo eyinhloko cwaningo njengoba ukwakheka kwabantu nezilwane bebonke.

Cabangela izindlela eziyisisekelo sokutadisha zofuzo, eyaziwa njengamanje.

Izindlela nohlanga ucwaningo zofuzo lomuntu Bahlaziya nekubona izakhiwo imodeli zezakhi zofuzo ku ngokulandelana e pedigrees. Imiphumela futhi ulwazi olusetshenziselwa tekuvikela, prophylaxis futhi amathuba yekubona esihlobene bafundelwa siyinzalo - izifo sitholwa njengefa. Ifa kungaba autosomal (ukubonakaliswa sici zingenzeka okungenzeka belingana abesilisa nabesifazane) futhi kuhambisane chromosome ngokobulili yenethiwekhi eduze.

indlela Autosomal yena, ihlukaniswe autosomal ifa evelele (allele evelele kungabuye yaqaphela homozygous futhi heterozygous) kanye autosomal ifa esikhubazayo (allele esikhubazayo kungenziwa igcwaliseke kuphela isimo homozygous). Kulesi hlobo ifa lesi sifo kubonakala ngokusebenzisa izizukulwane eziningana.

ifa Sex-exhumene libhekene kwasendaweni isakhi sofuzo abafanele izingxenye homologous futhi nonhomologous Y- noma X-chromosome. Ngokusho ngemuva genotypic, okuyinto itholakala kuma-chromosome ubulili, ukucacisa abesifazane hetero- noma homozygous, kodwa amadoda abanenombolo X-chromosome eyodwa kuphela kungaba hemizygous. Ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane heterozygous bangadlulisela sifo ukuba ngefa indodana namadodakazi.

izindlela kwamakhemikhali yokutadisha zofuzo ucwaningo kubangelwa esiwufuzo ngocansi ngenxa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. izindlela ezinjalo abantu zofuzo ucwaningo lwembula lezinceku ukukhubazeka umzimba nangokunquma izakhiwo amaprotheni, ama-enzyme, ama-carbohydrate neminye imikhiqizo umzimba ukuthi uhlale oketshezini extracellular umzimba (igazi, umjuluko, umchamo, ngamathe, njll).

izindlela Twin ucwaningo zofuzo lomuntu uzodlala izifo lezinceku wafunda izimfanelo. amawele afana ncamashí (umzimba ephelele ikhulela zygotes ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ochotshoziwe izingxenye ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko yayo) une-genotype ezifanayo, elikwazi ukuzwa umehluko ngenxa zangaphandle nethonya kwemvelo ku phenotype womuntu. twins anobuhlobo (amaqanda amabili noma elivundisiwe ngaphezulu) ahlobene nomunye ngabanye genotype, okuvumela ukuhlola yizici zemvelo kanye lezinceku umuntu ngemuva genotypic.

indlela Cytogenetic zofuzo ucwaningo elisetshenziswa ekutadisheni morphology wama-chromosomes futhi karyotype evamile, okuyinto ivumela ukuthola izakhi zofuzo okuqondiswa ocwaningweni kanye chromosomal ukuxilonga izifo lezinceku ezingeni chromosomal, futhi ukuphenya isenzo mutagenic amakhemikhali, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane, imithi, njll Le nqubo ibizwa kabanzi analysis and ukuhlonza okwalandela umzimba ka kwezinso lezinceku ngaphambi kokuzalwa. ukuxilongwa kokubeletha amniotic fluid ukuxilongwa e senyanga yokuqala sokukhulelwa, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukuthatha isinqumo ukukhipha izisu.