Ibanga kusukela emhlabeni ukuya elangeni

Kusukela zisencane, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ilanga - lokhu omkhulu ibhola esikhipha izinkanyezi kude. Kodwa umbuzo yini ibanga ukusuka Umhlaba Sun, impendulo abakwazi njalo abadala imfundo ephakeme. Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela ukushintsha ibanga kusuka Umhlaba weLanga unyaka wonke, njengoba ososayensi kulinganiswa ibanga nokuthi kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa remoteness yezinye izinto isikhala.

Sun isuswe cishe ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu kwezigidi ezingu amakhilomitha ukusuka eMhlabeni. nomjikelezo woMhlaba akuyona umbuthano ephelele, kodwa lesiyingi, ngakho ibanga phakathi maphakathi sonozungezilanga Nomhlaba ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene is akufani. Inani layo ubuncane kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi libizwa perihelion, futhi esiphezulu - aphelion. Perihelion ilingana izingalo eziyikhulu namashumi amane nesikhombisa abayizigidi ezingu amakhilomitha, futhi aphelion ukubaluleka yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ezimbili amakhilomitha. Perihelion kuyinto ngoJanuwari kanti aphelion - Julayi.

Emhlabeni weLanga kubonakala encane. Eqinisweni, ubukhulu bayo kukhulu kunenani ubukhulu enkabazwe sezikhathi Umhlaba 109. kude Umhlaba weLanga - yingalesosizathu ukuthi sibona isibhakabhaka maqondana esiyingini elincane elibomvu-and-yellow. Inyanga ngezinye izikhathi eduze, kodwa isibhakabhaka ebusuku Kubukeka ezincane. Ibanga okwenzekayo usuka emhlabeni uya ayencike kuyo kuphela zemvelo cishe elilingana ayizinkulungwane 384,3 amakhilomitha. Lokhu kungaphansi izikhathi 390 kuka ibanga ukusuka elangeni. Isikhathi lapho elangeni ifinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba, imizuzu eyisishiyagalombili namasekhondi amabili efanayo.

Njengoba ososayensi bakwazi balinganise ibanga Umhlaba weLanga? Iziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswa? Imizamo yokuqala kule isiqondiso senziwe eGrisi lasendulo, kodwa ukukhuluma mayelana nemiphumela real bangaba kuphela ngemva kwekhulu nesikhombisa. Esikhathini kamuva Ephakathi wasebenzisa indlela Parallax. Le ndlela liqukethe yokuthi ngesisekelo idatha ku engaba Umhlaba Nomhlaba observation ukusuka elangeni kuchazwa engela okuthi solar sise umkhathizwe kuyoba Umhlaba ebonakalayo. Ibanga kusuka entweni eyodwa kuya kwenye Space ibalwa ngu ukufuduka Parallax.

Engxenyeni zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili wesibili, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe ulilethele indlela entsha kumedwa ibanga emkhathini. Radar indlela simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: bebheke into isikhala uthunyelwa isiginali ishayela sitholwa kuwo, bese esekelwe idatha isikhathi sokuhamba okusuka ibanga double kusukela Earth into ezithakazelisayo ngesivinini ibalwa ibanga ezaziwayo. Namuhla, ukufunda izinkanyezi ashukumisayo has indlela entsha ngawe ukwazi ukuthi zingaki amakhilomitha kude nathi izinkanyezi namaplanethi kahle eyaziwa imithala. Lokhu Sunyaev-Zeldovich esekelwe nenkanuko edlulele isikhathi ukushintshashintsha into umsakazo okudonsa lensing, ogxile ekutadisheni kuka imisebe yokukhanya in the field adonsela phansi into, indlela izindandatho yamangqamuzana ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa kubonakale yebanga lokusuka yesimiso sonozungezilanga a galaxy.

Njengoba impendulo yombuzo othi ngalokho ibanga ukusuka Umhlaba weLanga? Kungaba esikhulu noma esincane? Konke isihlobo. Kuyaphawuleka ngokuziqhathanisa ibanga ukusuka Earth Mars noma inyanga, kodwa cishe azinakwa eqhathaniswa ibanga kusuka kwamanye izinkanyezi nemithala. I eliseduze Earth planethi Venus, futhi yena isuswe million 41.4 amakhilomitha. Phakathi komhlaba Mars kwezigidi ezingu 78.3 amakhilomitha phakathi Earth Mercury - 91.6 km. Kodwa i-Jupiter nezinye amaplanethi amakhulukazi bavela umhlaba ezingaphezu kuka ilanga.

izimiso ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziswa ukulinganisa izikhala cosmic njengoba parsecs futhi iminyaka ukukhanya. Ngezinye ibanga elilodwa Parsec Parallax yaminyaka yonke into Isikhala ngomzuzwana owodwa (kungakho igama layo liyi "Parsec" - Parallax yomzuzwana). A uXhumano Lweqoqo LokuneBluetooth - lena ibanga ukuthi ukukhanya luhamba ngonyaka. Lamagugu asetshenziswa izilinganiso isifundo zemizimba ezikude yasezulwini. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela Earth inkanyezi Alpha Centauri ukukhanya uya iminyaka emine ukuze Sirius - iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili nesigamu, futhi orange giant Betelgeuse - iminyaka 650!