Ucwaningo imikhakha eyahlukene kanye ukukhiqizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. eziyinkimbinkimbi Interbranch - kungcono ...

Inxanxathela Interbranch - a ukuhlanganiswa isakhiwo ekhethekile. Esikhathini kohlaka nokuxhumana of emikhakheni ehlukene zezimboni, izinhlobo zemisebenzi. Basuke sigxile ukusebenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi Ukukhishwa nokusatshalaliswa imikhiqizo. Ngokulandelayo, sihlolisise, yiziphi cross-umkhakha izakhiwo.

Uhlolojikelele

eziyinkimbinkimbi imikhakha eyahlukene - isakhiwo ukuthi zingase zimiswe ngaphakathi ingxenye zezimboni olulodwa. Yena, ivelele ngokuhambisana division jikelele zomsebenzi. Ngakho, phakathi umkhakha, kukhona umshini wokwakha, amafutha kanye namandla, Metallurgical nezinye imikhakha izakhiwo zezimboni.

Amazenge ngobukhulu

Leli zwe ezihlukahlukene cross-umkhakha izakhiwo. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi kungase kube ngubani kubo iyona enkulu kunazo zonke. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa:

• FEC.
• I-APK.
• izimboni Inxanxathela ukwenziwa amakhemikhali izinto zokwakha.
• isiqoqi sama-softwe.
• Military-zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Incazelo emfishane yemikhakha ezibaluleke kakhulu

Amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi imikhakha eyahlukene kuhlanganisa luhlelo oluhlanganisiwe oluthambile, Peat, amalahle, uwoyela negesi umkhakha, ukushisa namandla kagesi imikhakha, ukwenziwa amandla nezinye izinhlobo imishini. Bahlanganyela ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ukuba uqedwe, ugesi, ukushisa. Ezolimo eziyinkimbinkimbi imikhakha eyahlukene kuhlanganisa ahlukahlukene begxilile imikhakha. Ikakhulu, libhekisela yokudla, imishini ke, inkinga kwemikhiqizo ukuvikelwa plant, umanyolo, imithi wezilwane. Ibuye ibe izimboni efana nezolimo, ukwakhiwa, izindawo zezimboni, kubandakanya nokuphathwa kwamanzi umhlaba sokufunwa, ne / x-imishini. Injongo eyinhloko ye-AIC ukhonza ukulondeka kokudla yezwe.

ngezigaba

Inter-umkhakha izindawo yezohwebo kunemibandela selihlukene laba tekusebentisa target. mithandazo esekelwe nenqubo yokukhetha ngokubamba iqhaza ukwakheka umkhiqizo wokugcina. Libuye zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba abe yedwa yabo ekukhiqizweni isimiso. Lesi sigaba of target izingxenye zihlanganisa ubunjiniyela, nophethiloli amandla, abamabhizinisi athinta ezolimo. Lihlanganisa ezokuthutha kanye izidubedube interbranch izakhiwo. Ukwehlukanisa imikhakha obusebenzayo wenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso lunye umsebenzi othile. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye izakhiwo ingqalasizinda. Ake sicabangele cross-umkhakha izakhiwo yeRussia.

umnyango utshalomali

Lesi sakhiwo imikhakha eyahlukene siqukethe le ukukhiqizwa, ukwakhiwa zokwakha, ubunjiniyela. Inhloso yalesi wemboni iyisingeniso ukusebenza izinto ezihlangene nokusebenzelana ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi. Lesi sakhiwo inter-umkhakha ehilelekile retooling, ukwandisa nokukhuphula izinga amandla. Phakathi nohlaka yayo ibuye lisakhiwa izinto.

Imikhakha eyahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi zesayensi

It ixhunywe kwemikhakha emibili. Ikakhulukazi, ukubunjwa yayo samanje isayensi inqubo zabasebenzi ngokwayo, ukuhlinzeka okukhiphayo. Leli fomu iklanyelwe ukukusiza ukwandisa isivinini emisha kanye ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela eziphusile practice. Lesi sakhiwo imikhakha eyahlukene kuhlanganisa ucwaningo nezikhungo, izinhlangano ubuchwepheshe, amahhovisi design nezinye izinkampani ze-orientation.

Amandla

Lesi sakhiwo imikhakha eyahlukene kuyinto isizinda eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi gezi uhlelo fuel, ezokuthutha zabo, ukusatshalaliswa futhi ukusetshenziswa. ukuthuthukiswa Energy kunemtselela ububanzi, izinkomba ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho futhi umkhakha Dynamics. Kulesi yokusondela imithombo yamandla nophethiloli injena njengenye izidingo ayinhloko ukuze indawo inhlangano ukukhiqizwa. Nokho, nge emnothweni yokuma yokuhlala imithombo ekhona yize. Okukhulu amandla abathengi kungene ingxenye European yezwe, cishe 80% reserves Geological basuke bagxila esifundeni esisempumalanga. Ezokuthutha izindleko neqhaza ukwandisa izindleko ekupheleni umkhiqizo. Amandla rayonoobrazuyuschuyu wenza umsebenzi. Ngo eduze ngokushesha imithombo kwengqalasizinda enamandla asethuthukile. Ithanda ukuzihlalela yodwa ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha, imfundo kanye nasekutholeni nasekuqiniseni amadolobha namadolobhana. Nokho, isabelo akhawunti fuel namandla wemboni cishe u-90% amagesi abamba ukushisa igesi, kwesigamu inani lokungcoliswa komoya izinto eziyingozi futhi 1/3, batheleka amanzi. Konke lokhu Yiqiniso, asikwazi kuthathwe njengoba nomphumela omuhle.

yokusansimbi

Kulesi cross-yemboni ezinzima ezihilelekile, ngo kohlaka lapho ukukhiqizwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Mayelana 90% wabo - ayoni (yensimbi kanye Alloys ekhiqizwa kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo). Umthamo metal non-ayoni kungaphezu kulokhu, izinkampani onesandla ekukhiqizeni yabo kanye processing kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu for the izingxenye inikezwe ukuthuthukiswa umnotho kazwelonke we Str. IRussia ingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni metal imikhando futhi yokuncibilikisa ithusi. Lokhu ingxenye ucasha cishe abayizigidi ezingu-1,3 abasebenzi bagxila 1/8 zonke izakhiwo ukukhiqizwa.

Chemical futhi umkhakha ihlathi

Kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuchwepheshe nokubambisana kulingwa. Kulokhu, izitshalo chemical kulomkhakha zibaluleke ngokukhethekile. indima yabo ebizwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi imikhiqizo asikhiqizayo. Chemical umkhakha libhekene base ebanzi nsiza. Kuhlanganisa:

• ezimbonini.
• Air.
• Amanzi.
• Izinkuni.
• Minerals nokunye.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko imikhiqizo efanayo uwoyela, amalahle coking - izinto walungisa ngokukhethekile.

ubunjiniyela

Lesi sakhiwo akuyona ikakhulukazi orientation abathengi yasekhaya. Iningi imikhiqizo okuyinto ikhiqizwa esifundeni esisempumalanga, athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ensimini European yeRussia. Izidingo ze-Ekude naseSiberia e imishini nemishini by 70-90% kuyahlangatshezwana ngu zosizo ezivela ezifundeni entshonalanga futhi ukungena. Ufaka amabhizinisi wahlanganyela kule umkhakha ubunjiniyela, incike uhlobo umkhiqizo: nenqwaba imikhiqizo, nobubanzi ngesilwane esifuywayo, izinga ukukhiqizwa eyodwa, umkhakha, izicelo jikelele ezimbonini. On nekusebenta ukusatshalaliswa ehlaselwe izici eziningana:

• Umqulu kwetisebenti.
• Lunye, inhlanganisela, nokubambisana, lokuhlushwa ukukhiqizwa.
• Ukusondela ukuba imithombo feedstock.
• ukuthuthukiswa kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe.
• Umthamo imisebenzi yezokuthutha kanye nezindleko kubo.

Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe umkhakha

Lokhu iqoqo kuhlanganisa sebuningini test, izikhungo zocwaningo nezinhlangano, kanye nezinkampani wahlanganyela ukukhululwa imikhiqizo efanele. inikelwe imisetjenzana evamileko kuhloswe ukuthuthukiswa, ifa, ukukhiqiza, ekwakhiweni yokutholwa imishini ekhethekile nakwezempi, izinhlamvu kanye nezinye izinto. Zonke mikhiqizo zenzelwe yokuthekelisa noma ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zangaphakathi amandla izakhiwo isimo. Njengoba izinhlangano kanye namakhasimende izikhungo angase enze futhi abameleli eMnyango Wezokuvikela kanye nezinye izinhlaka nasemizimbeni. Lezi zikhonzi kuthinte isinqumo ukusungulwa yezikhali ezithile, ukubeka izidingo esifakiwe, umncintiswano phakathi abenzi bokubi ezingaba, isitatimende akhiwa nokuthuthukela amaphrojekthi. Kusukela ngo-January 2008, zonke izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga ngokuhambisana nesinqumo lezeMpi-Industrial Commission, kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa Federal Agency for izimpahla izimpahla eziphathekayo, imishini ekhethekile nakwezempi futhi izikhali.