Imibono yemvelaphi yomthetho

Amaqiniso ayisisekelo emvelaphi kahulumeni nomthetho yizihloko zokuqala ezethula emthethweni wezomthetho ezakha umqondo womthetho onjalo. Ake sihlale ngombono wezomthetho, onomqondo oqondile, okungukuthi, umsuka.

Imibhalo eyisisekelo yemvelaphi yomthetho iye yasungulwa kuze kube yilolu suku ngokufakaza okwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yalezi zindinganiso zinelungelo lokuphila, ngayinye inabasekeli bayo kanye nabashushisi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkolelo ngayinye kufanele ikhulunywe ngokugxilile. Ezinye zazo ziqukethe impendulo ecacile yesikhathi abenze ngayo.

Ngisho no-Immanuel Kant waphikisa ukuthi ilungelo likhona iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Ngenxa yalokho, kwazalwa esikhathini esidlule. Namuhla, asikwazi ukusekela ngokuqondile imfundiso eyodwa eyodwa, ngoba ubude benkambiso abuvumeli ukuba sisethule kunoma yiluphi uhlaka, kufaka phakathi nokuhumusha ukuvela komthetho. Cabangela inkolelo ethandwa kakhulu emvelaphi yomthetho.

1. Inkolelo yenkolo ibonisa ukuthi umthetho, imithetho iyintando kaNkulunkulu futhi inikwe abantu kusukela phezulu. Isibonelo, izahlulelo ezinjalo zilotshwe emithethweni yeNkosi King Hammurabi, nazo zikhona eBhayibhelini. Umqondo oyinhloko kule mbono iyinhloko ebalulekile kaNkulunkulu. Kodwa-ke, le mbono ibuzwa, ngoba akukho bufakazi bokuthi umthetho ubhaliwe nguNkulunkulu, njengoba iBhayibheli lisho. Mhlawumbe, lezi yizindaba kuphela eziye zadluliswa kusukela kwentsha yabantu abadala.
2. Inkolelo yemvelo ithi umuntu unamalungelo ngokwemvelo. Leli lungelo liyisimo sengqondo esihle somuntu ezintweni ezithile, isibonelo, ukubaluleka kokuphila, impahla yangasese, inkululeko yomuntu kanye nokulingana. Le mbono yaba ethandwa kakhulu phakathi nokukhanyiswa, lapho inkululeko, ukulingana nobuzalwane beza kuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zindinganiso kwakungamalungelo wobuntu emvelo, ngakho-ke inkolelo ngokwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule mbono yemvelaphi yomthetho umuntu obalulekile wayengumuntu ngokwakhe futhi akazange acabange ngokuphelele izici ezithonya umuntu futhi zingashintsha ngokulinganayo izindinganiso zakhe. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukuzalwa kwalesi sihloko kwakuhloswe ukuma ngokumelene nezwe langaphandle, elinamanye amanani.
3. Inkolelo ye-positivism igcizelela ukuthi umthetho wenziwa ngesisekelo sobunikazi besimo kuleli lizwe ngetlasi lezintombi. Eqinisweni, i-theory eyedlule kanye nenkolelo ye-positivism yimiqondo emibili ehlukile yomsuka womthetho, onesizinda esihlukile.
4. Ithiyori ye-normative ifana ne-positive modiiti positivism. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, liyiqembu lezwe, lihlwithwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezivela emibhalweni ehlukene. Ama-postulates amabili athathwe njengesisekelo. Iyokuqala yahunyushwa ngu-Kant. Kuwo, konke kuhlukaniswe ngamazinga amabili - ukuba nesibopho. Kulesi simo, i-pyramid yesi-normative nayo isebenza, ehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi kuya ezingeni eliphansi.
5. Ithiyori yenqondo yasungulwa eRussia. Okhokho balo bathi yi-psychology yindawo lapho ilungelo lazalwa khona. Okuhlangenwe nakho kobuntu kuyingqayizivele, okusho ukuthi baveza imibono esemthethweni eyakhiwe engqondweni yomuntu ngamunye.
6. Ngokomqondo wokubambisana, umthetho wazalwa ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, umuntu akakwazi ukuhlala yedwa. Udinga ukuthola ukuhlangana kwezidalwa ezifanayo ezizohlala futhi zisebenze naye. Futhi umsebenzi ovamile futhi uxhuma bonke abantu emphakathini oqinile - umuntu angeke aphile emphakathini futhi ahlukane naye. Ngakho-ke zonke izenzo kumele ziqiniswe, okungukuthi, ngamehlo ukuthi lokhu kuzobonakala kanjani emphakathini wonke. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izisusa ezifanayo zihola futhi zilungile.

Imibono yemvelaphi yomthetho akufanele ithathwe njengeyena yodwa yeqiniso. Isayensi yezomthetho ayimi , okusho ukuthi le mibhalo engenhla izoqhubeka ishintshe.