Isikhathi esingakanani indawo yonke futhi ubudala bayo babalwa kanjani?

Kuningi lokucatshangelwa ukuthi kungakanani iminyaka yendawo yonke okwamanje. Ngokuqiniseka okuphelele, umbuzo wonyaka wakhe awukwazi ukuphendulwa ngalesi sikhathi. Yebo, futhi akakaze athole impendulo eqondile kuyo. Kodwa ososayensi benza ucwaningo oluningi nokubala, ngakho manje lesi sihloko sineziqephu ezingaphezulu noma ezicacile.

Incazelo

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale indaba yeminyaka eminingana yomhlaba wonke, kuwufanelekile ukwenza ukubhuka: iminyaka yobudala ibalwa kusukela ngesikhathi iqala ukwandisa.

Ukuze uhlukanise le datha, isibonelo se-ΛCDM sakhiwe. Ososayensi bathi bangakwazi ukubikezela ukuqala kwama-epochs ahlukene. Kodwa namanje, kungakanani iminyaka yonke, ungathola ngokuthola izinto ezindala kakhulu, ngokubala iminyaka yabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaluleka okukhulu kudlalwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Esikhathini sethu, ama-epochs amathathu ahlukanisiwe, okungaziwa ngolwazi oluthile. Owokuqala ngowokuqala. Ibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi se-Planck (ama-10 ^-43 s ngemuva kokuvela kwe-Big Bang). Ngokusho kososayensi, le nkathi yaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-10 ^-11 s. Isikhathi esilandelayo sasifika ku-10 ^-2 s. Kubonakala ngokubonakala kwezinhlayiya ze-quark - okuyi-hadrons, okungukuthi, izinhlayiya ezisemqoka ezihilelekile ekuxhumaneni kwezikhali zenuzi.

Futhi inkathi yokugcina yanamuhla. Iqale ngo-0.01 amasekhondi ngemuva kwe-Big Bang. Futhi, empeleni, inkathi yanamuhla iyaqhubeka nanamuhla.

Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kwedatha yesimanje, indawo yonke manje ineminyaka engu-13,75 yezigidigidi ubudala. Ukuchitshiyelwa kuvunyelwe (± 0.11 billion).

Izindlela zokubala ngenani lezinkanyezi ezibandayo

Kukhona enye indlela yokuthola ukuthi indala iyini. Futhi iqukethe ukuqapha ukukhanya kwalabo okuthiwa abamhlophe abamhlophe. Ziyizidalwa zasezulwini zokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu ezincane kakhulu. Cishe ubukhulu bomhlaba. Bamele isigaba sokugcina sokukhona kwanoma iyiphi inkanyezi. Ngaphandle kwalabo abakhulu ngobukhulu. Inkanyezi emhlophe eyisiqhwaga iphenduka emva kwayo yonke imishini yayo yokushisa itshisiwe. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kusengaphansi kwezinhlekelele ezithile. Isibonelo, isikhathi esithile siba yi-giant ebomvu.

Futhi ungayithola kanjani ukuthi yonke indawo ineminyaka engakanani, ngosizo lwabancane abamhlophe? Ungasho ukuthi kulula, kodwa ososayensi bayakwenza. Abaningi bayashisa kancane kancane i-hydrogen yabo, ukuze ukuphila kwabo kufike ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi zeminyaka. Futhi sonke lesi sikhathi bavutha ngenxa yamandla anqwabelene. Futhi zipholile phansi ngokufana. Futhi ososayensi, balinganisa izinga lokupholisa kwabo, banquma isikhathi esithile inkanyezi idinga ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kusuka kulokho okwakuqala (njengomthetho, ngu-150,000 K). Ukuze ubale ukuthi kungakanani iminyaka yonke indawo ekhona, umuntu kufanele athole abantombazane abamhlophe abanda kakhulu. Okwamanje, kungenzeka ukuthola izinkanyezi ezinokushisa kwezingu-4000 K. Ososayensi, ngokufunda ngokucophelela yonke idatha ngokucabangela lolu lwazi, qinisekisa ukuthi i-Universe yethu ayikwazi ukudala iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15.

Ukuphenya kwamachungechunge aphezulu kusuka ezinkanyezini

Kufanelekile ukuphendukela kule ndlela, ukhulume ngeminyaka eminingana yendawo yonke, ngokusho kososayensi. La maqoqo asezindaweni zomhlaba we-Milky Way. Futhi zihambisana nomgogodla wakhe. Incazelo yosuku lokubunjwa kwabo kusiza ukunquma umkhawulo ophansi wonyaka wendawo yonke.

Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, okuyisisekelo salo mqondo olula kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, wonke amaqoqo avela efwini elilodwa. Ngakho bavuka, kungashiwo, ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi isikhathi esithile, i-hydrogen ishisa ngamanani amaningi. Kuphela kanjani? Ukubukeka kwendwangu emhlophe noma ukwakheka kwenkanyezi ye-neutron.

Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, izifundo zale hlobo zenziwa ngabavubukuli abasebenzisa ikhamera ye-ACS ye-telescope yesikhala eyaziwa ngokuthi "Hubble". Ngakho ngokusho kokubala kososayensi, kungakanani iminyaka yendawo yonke? Abaqanjiwe bathola impendulo, futhi kufana nedatha esemthethweni. Ubudala bamaqoqo, abawacwaninga, iminyaka engama-12.8 wezigidi eziyizinkulungwane. I "endala" yayingu-13.4 billion.

Ezingqungqutheleni ze-cosmic

Lapha, ngokuvamile, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba uthole ngokubala kososayensi. Iminyaka eminingana yendawo yonke - awukwazi ukwazi kahle, kodwa ungathola ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngokulalela izigqi ze-cosmic. Ukutadisha kwabo kwaqhutshwa ngu-Explorer 80 probe eminyakeni engaba ngu-15 eyedlule. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nemisebe ye-relic kwakucatshangelwe. Uma singangeni emininingwaneni, sikwazi ukuthola ukuthi indawo yethu yonke, cishe ineminyaka eyi-13.5-14 billion ubudala.

Ngokuvamile, konke kungaba kude nendlela esicabanga ngayo. Ngempela, isikhala siyindawo engavamile engaziwayo. Kodwa ngiyajabula ukuthi ucwaningo lwakhe luqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo.