Ukufundiswa komphakathi njengesayensi - izolo nanamuhla.

Igama elithi "social pedagogy" kwisayensi yaseRussia yesayensi manje linemininingwane eminingana. Lokhu kulungele umlando wokwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo zenhlalo eRussia. Kuze kube yimanje, kunezikole eziningana ezenhlalo nezemfundo ezibheke ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle ezivela kumaphuzu ahlukene.

Ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle njengegatsha lokufundisa kunqunywa ososayensi be-GM Kodzhaspirova (uphenya umthelela wendawo yomphakathi ekukhuliseni nasekubunjweni kobuntu), i-AVMudrik (iphenya ngemfundo yezenhlalakahle esimweni sokuhlelwa komphakathi).

Ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle njengesayensi mayelana nemithonya yemfundo yemvelo yenhlalo ihunyushwa yi-VD. Semenov.

Abanye ososayensi banamathele enchasweni yezenhlalo zenhlalo njengombono kanye nokusebenza komsebenzi othile (IA Lipsky - ukuvumelanisa ukuxhumana kwabantu-social, TAVasilkova - imfundo nokuqeqeshwa komuntu ngamunye noma iqembu labantu, F.A.Mustaeva - cognition, umthethonqubo Futhi ukugcwaliseka kwenqubo yezenhlalo).

Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwezifundo njengezesayensi zembula ukuthuthukiswa kwemibono yezenhlalakahle nezokufundisa ngisho nasezweni lasendulo. Izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu zenhlalakahle zemfundo zavezwa yizifilosofi zasendulo zamaGreki.

Ekuthuthukiseni ukuqeqeshwa, izifundiswa ezidumile emhlabeni uJa. A. Komensky, IG Pestalozzi, uJohn Locke, J.-J. Rousseau, K.D. Ushinsky, STShatsky , ASMakarenko, uJanusz Korczak. Ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle njengesayensi eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono yabo yokufundisa kanye nesipiliyoni sokuhlola.

I-I.G.Pestalozzi idume ngokuhlola kwakhe kwezenhlalakahle nezenkolo. Umsebenzi ongenzi lutho wothisha wokwakha izindawo zokukhosela izingane ezihluphekayo nezintandane, izifundo ezicebile kakhulu zezemfundo nokuqeqesha ezindaweni zokukhosela zisasebenza nanamuhla.

Umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kanye nokufundiswa kwe-AS Makarenko emfundweni yabantwana abahlukumezekile manje usubaluleke kakhulu othisha emhlabeni wonke. EJalimane, ngisho ne-laboratory yenzelwe ukutadisha isipiliyoni sezenhlalakahle nezenkolo ze-AS Makarenko.

I-STShatsky ihola isiteshi sokuqala sokuhlola se-People's Commissariat of Education, okwakuyiminyaka engama-1920 eyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi yezenhlalakahle nezenkolo ezakhiwa yizikole eziningana, i-kindergartens, ikholoni, imilabhu, amaqembu. Umsebenzi wokuhlola othisha ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-ST Shatsky washiya ifa lemfundo yezenhlalakahle ekuthuthukiseni izici eziningi zokuhamba kwemvelo.

Umlobi omkhulu kanye nomfundisi uJanusz Korczak, owashona ekamelweni legesi nabafundi bakhe, wadala uhlelo oluyingqayizivele lwezemfundo eNdlu Yezintandane eWarsaw, okucwaningayo okwamanje kuyamangaza ngekhono nokuhambisana.

Ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle njengesayensi kunamakhemikhali akhe. Kuhlanganisa zombili izigaba ezijwayelekile zesayensi yokufundisa kanye nezici ezithile.

I-socialization - enye yezinhlaka eziyinhloko zokufundisa umphakathi - ichazwa njengenqubo yokufanisa, ukulinganisa nokwabiwa kwemigomo nemigomo yomuntu ngamunye emphakathini . Ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle zangaphandle nezokufuywayo kunamathela ezinkambisweni eziningana zokuzijabulisa komphakathi.

Ukufundiswa kwezenhlalakahle njengoba isayensi okwamanje ithuthuka ngamandla. Kodwa-ke, akusekho ukuvumelana phakathi kososayensi ezindabeni eziningi zezindaba. Esigabeni sokuxoxisana kukhona indawo yakhe kokubili ohlelweni lwesayensi yokufundisa kanye nasesimweni sesayensi yezenhlalakahle. Abanye abacwaningi bacabangela ukuthi ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wezenhlalo futhi basebenzise indlela yomsebenzi wezenhlalakahle ekuhlelweni komsebenzi wezenhlalakahle nezenkolo.

Kodwa kusobala ukuthi izimpumelelo zenqubo yenhlalakahle kazwelonke zafakazela ukuthi ngo-1991 umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle wawuhlonishwa ngokusemthethweni eRussia. Umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle nezokufundisa uhloswe ekuxazululeni izinkinga zemfundo yezenhlalakahle kanye nokuvikelwa kwezenhlalakahle nezenhlalo.