Uyini emisebeni microwave cosmic ingemuva

Naphezu ukusetshenziswa imishini yesimanje kanye nezindlela zamuva ukutadisha yonke, umbuzo ivela khona namanje evulekile. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ucabangela yobudala bakhe: ngokusho idatha yamuva, ububanzi esukela kwengu-14 kuya ku-15 bhiliyoni .. Kusobala ukuthi njengoba babungekho ubufakazi oluncane kakhulu ezenzeka inqubo kanye ezinkulu of endaweni yonke. Ngakho-ke uthi yini akekho isixazululekile, ubunzima elinganiselwe. Nokho, omunye wabo uye usanda kuthola kuwubufakazi obunamandla kakhulu - Cmb.

Ngo-1964, amalungu amabili e-laboratory owaziwa, haya satellite umsakazo iwashi "Echo", ababenelungelo lokungena angafundwa umshini ultra-ebucayi, wanquma ukuhlola ezinye imibono yazo mayelana umsakazo ekushayweni lezinto ezithile isikhala.

Ukuze Zikhipha ukuphazamiseka okungenziwa kusuka emithonjeni eliwumhlaba, kwanqunywa ukuba usebenzise wavelength Nokho, ngo-7,35 cm, into eyinqaba yabhaliswa emva ukuvula kanye Tuning we-antenna :. Ngo wonke umkhathi fixed umsindo, isakhi ngemuva njalo. It akuxhomekile noma ngesikhundla isihlobo eMhlabeni kuya kwamanye amaplanethi, okuyinto ngokushesha Zikhipha nokucabanga radio ukuphazamiseka of izinto cosmic, noma isikhathi sosuku. Ngiphakathi R. Wilson, A. Penzias noma Kwakungafanele ngisho bazi ukuthi emisebeni esifuze yonke ivulekile.

Njengoba kungashiwo ukuthi nabo babengazi ukuthi lokhu, uvele ukhohlwe ukuthi kukhona "isizinda" imishini ethile (ngokwanele ukuba ukhumbule ukuthi usebenzisa antenna microwave is sizwele ngesikhathi), sekudlule cishe ngonyaka, kuze kwaba sobala - umsindo eqoshiwe kuyingxenye yonke uqobo. Amandla a isignali yomsakazo yathathwa ngu kakhulu ezifanayo emisebeni umfutho blackbody lokushisa Kelvin 3 (1 Kelvin ilingana -273 degrees Celsius). Ukuze uqhathanise, zero Kelvin uhambelana lokushisa into ukuzulazula kwama-athomu umile. Imvamisa emisebeni ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 500 MHz ukuze GHz 500.

Ngalesi sikhathi, theorists amabili ngesikhathi Princeton University - Dicke no E. Pibbls esekelwe onobuhle entsha yonke, izibalo ibalwa ukuthi ngokuqhubekayo emisebeni enjalo kufanele akhona futhi igcwale yonke indawo. Akubuzwa ukuthi Penzias, ngephutha wathola ngalesi sihloko izinkulumo, ngathinta baseyunivesithi wathi ukuthi lokhu emisebeni esifuze itholiwe.

Kususelwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela Big Bang, zonke izinto namandla endaweni yonke engekho umphumela ukuqhuma cwe. Eyokuqala ayizinkulungwane 300. Ngemva kweminyaka isikhala luyinhlanganisela izinhlayiya aphansi radiations. Ngemva kwalokho, ngenxa lokushisa ukunwetshwa banyukubala, okwenza kube lula ukuthola ama-athomu. I bhalisiwe esifuze emisebeni - ukunkenketha ngalezo zikhathi ezikude. Inqobo nje uma izulu nomhlaba kwavele imingcele, kwabantu kuyizinhlayiyana yayiphezulu ukuze emisebeni is "ahlobene" njengoba nenqwaba izinhlayiya kubonise noma yiluphi uhlobo amagagasi, singavumeli ukusabalalisa. Kwakuthinta kuphela emva ekuqaleni kumiswa-athomu, isikhala isibe "okusobala" ukuze amagagasi. Kukholakala ukuthi Cmb uvele ngaleyo ndlela. Okwamanje, kuzo zonke isentimitha cubic isikhala iqukethe mayelana 500 we izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya yokuqala, Nokho, amandla abo kwehle ngo-cishe 100 izikhathi.

Emisebeni yangemuva etincenyeni letehlukene yonke has a lokushisa ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa indawo ndaba oyinhloko i yonke uyanda. Lapho kwabantu athomu ndaba esizayo kwaba inezinga eliphakeme lemisebe futhi ngalesosizathu lokushisa yayo sinciphile. Kuyinto kulezi zindawo kamuva kwakhiwa izinto ezinkulu (imithala amahlukuzo abo).

Ukutadisha Cmb Uphakamisa umgubuzelo yokungaqiniseki abaningi izinqubo ezenzeka ekuqaleni kwesikhathi.