"Overton Iwindi" - yini lo mbono?

Esanda kutholakala kuqalile ukushicilela izihloko okuyinto ezibekwe okushiwo omunye theory ukuphathwa inkampani. Lokhu Indlela ibizwa ngokuthi umcwaningi wadala ubizwa ngokuthi "Overton Iwindi." Imfundiso ngokwanele bekhombisa ichaza ukuthi ukuphathwa komphakathi kanye ulwazi zabantu kanye nomphakathi wonkana, okuyinto ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze wasebenzisa isikhungo Euro-Atlantic sombuso wezwe. Injongo eyinhloko esenzweni esinjalo siyisivikelo dehumanization, inkohlakalo, depersonalization futhi razchelovechivanie zonke kwezakhi nomphakathi.

Ingqikithi yale theory

"Overton Iwindi" - yini le ndlela? Lena imibono yezombangazwe echaza imingcele imibono kungenzeka ukwamukelwa ngumphakathi. Uhlaka akhona amathuba futhi uhlobo iwindi.

Lo mbono ubonisa indlela ukusebenza zezombusazwe umbono othile unengqondo. It kuvela ukuba anqobe izingqondo zabantu ngeke ngesicelo isikhulu sikahulumeni. Noma yimuphi umbono uzobe evunywe Inkampani kuphela uma iwela "ifasitela". Nokho, kubonakala sengathi ohlwini labo imiqondo, okuyizinto ngesikhathi esithile izokwamukelwa ngabantu. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi imibono uzokwazi ukuba banamathele inqubomgomo, ngaphandle kokwesaba emangalelwa Abashisekeli noma radicalism. Shift "ifasitela" kwenzeka endabeni izinguquko umbono weningi futhi okwenza labantu lokhu noma leyo nqubomgomo.

Indaba

American sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Dzhozef Overton ifasitela of ithuba ethula imihlola engamukeleki yokuziphatha okubi wafundelwa futhi eyethulwe nemibono yomphakathi 1990. Kule nkathi, wakhonza njengephayona iphini likamongameli we Mackinac Centre for Centre Inqubomgomo yomphakathi.

"Overton Iwindi" - onjani nomthelela umbono weningi? Lena akuyona nokukhohliswa, nobuchwepheshe ezingcono. Ngempumelelo kwenza uhlelo ukungaguquguquki, kanye yokuthi zavualirovannost isisulu umthelela.

Ngokwesibonelo, isintu wamukele kakade subculture gay kanye ilungelo labo bathathe izingane, ukushada nokuba ukukhuthaza baziphatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba sekube inkulumo mayelana neqiniso lokuthi konke lokhu kuyinkambo yezinto engokwemvelo. Nokho, akuyona ukuze sikwazi ekholisayo Dzhozef Overton ngo-1990 Umbhali wembula wonke ubuchwepheshe okunomthelela ukubhujiswa nezikhungo zomphakathi, kuphumele semthethweni imiqondo engcolile. Futhi ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo, kubalulekile ukwenza zonke izinyathelo ezinhlanu, uya 5 "Overton Iwindi." Kulo mphakathi kuqala uqale noma yiluphi umqondo akakwamukeli, ezihambayo wakhe erenki efanele, bese sibekezelele isiqephu esisha umthetho okuzokwenziwa kuvikelwe ilungelo libe khona kuze kube muva nje into zicatshangwe.

Cabanga "Overton Iwindi" njengesibonelo nobuzimu. Kuze kube manje, umqondo semthethweni amalungelo ezakhamizi ukudla nomunye zicatshangwe ngokuphelele. Lokusakaza lesi simanga phaka ngalesi sikhathi akunakwenzeka. Umphakathi ngokuqinisekile baveze lokubhikisha lesi senzo esibi. Nokho, uma uqala ukusebenzisa "Overton Iwindi", ukuthi uyonikeza labo abafisa ukuthuthukisa lo mbono? Ngokwe-mbono sezokuhlalisana kwabantu American, ikhambi lenkinga okwamanje isendaweni zero esiteji, okuthiwa "kuyinto engacabangeki." Umqondo ezingase zithathwe kuphela emva kokuphothulwa zonke izigaba amafasitela ithuba. Isebenza ngendlela ngaphandle kwezihibe.

On mbono, okuyinto amanga ubamba ezingqondweni zabantu, edume uthi Nikita Mikhalkov ohlelweni akhe okudala "Besogon". "Overton Iwindi" ngokombono wakhe, ngokuvamile TV screen yethu, lapho umqondo womuntu ungakwazi ukungena lutho.

ubuchwepheshe

Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu American uchaza izenzo ezenza umphakathi ukuletha semthethweni ngokuphelele yimuphi umqondo. Ubuchwepheshe "Overton Iwindi" akuyona ahlinzekwa ngumlobi. Wamane wachaza izindlela ekhona, ukusetshenziswa okuholela elamukelekile. Ngamanye amazwi, Overton ethulwa kakade ubuchwepheshe ezisebenza lapho, ngo ukusebenza yayo lingadlula Fusion khulula.

Isigaba sokuqala

Esigabeni sokuqala lo mbono ngokuthi "Overton Iwindi" - siyini lesi sigaba, ukuthi iyini injongo it landela? Ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo e isinyathelo sokuqala kufanele:

- ukususa umgoqo sokuxoxa into ethile;

- ukwenza umqondo waziwa kabanzi phakathi amalungu omphakathi;

- kuholela ingxoxo isimiso zalesi simo;

- ukukhulisa umqondo isimo izindikimba ezibalulekile jikelele.

Ukuze ufinyelele kulesi isimangaliso esithile sivela endaweni ulwazi njengoba olukhulu-caller. Lesi simo imibono ngeke zidonse ukunaka kwanoma umphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nokuguqulwa ingxoxo izindikimba kancane kancane ingene ihlelwe. "Unthinkable" kancane kancane ukuthuthela "kakhulu". Ziyasibona umphakathi noma lowo mkhuba, okuyinto ezonini mthetho, ngeke sokuphumula imithombo yokwaziswa kunoma iyiphi isibonelo ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukubeka ekuqaleni shazi injongo enhle - ukuthola ukuthi into enjalo edabukisayo, futhi kungani ungakwenzi? Kube sekulandela esiphethweni sokuthi abanye abantu benza lokho, ngenkathi bayajabula.

Kungase "ukhiphe" inkolelo-mbono "Overton Iwindi" ubuzimu. Ukuze kwisi kusukela imihlola engenakucatshangwa endaweni olukhulu, ungakwazi ukuqoqa yochungechunge ethnological ucabangela ngesihloko ezifana "imicikilisho yokusebenzelana Exotic sezizwe zakwa-Polynesia." Lapha, ososayensi izoba ngaphansi ukhulume lo mkhuba ubuzimu, okuzoba ocatshangelwayo sokuqala ukunyakaza ngokuthi "Overton Iwindi." Lesi sinyathelo, okwakubekelwa evezwe Ukubuyekeza umbono weningi ezikhona zizoshintsha isimo sengqondo ezingahlangani ukuba omuhle. Isigaba sokuqala kufinyelelwe. Theme busuka kwegazi futhi wabhidliza Taboo ku ngokuxoxa.

Lo mbono ezweni lakithi has izibonelo zayo ezicacile. "Overton Iwindi" wazama ukuhamba, kokubuza umbuzo e abezindaba mayelana amathuba ukulethwa Leningrad ukuze ugweme kokufa inani elikhulu labantu, futhi sikhombisa Ukuqhathanisa iqhawe-Olympic Russian ne sikhulu sama-SS. Lezi izimo evamile Isigaba sokuqala sale theory, lapho isihloko lisuselwa indawo okungayi. Uma inkampani uyavuma ukuthatha leso sinyathelo, izinyathelo ezisele iyokwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenhlanhla, amaRashiya akazange yokuxoxa ngezihloko ezihlongozwayo yibo, uwabheka ngokucacile enhlamba.

umlenze wesibili

eminye kanjani ukwembula "Overton Iwindi"? Imfundiso uyazicabangela esigabeni esilandelayo isenzo njengoba inguquko kusukela "olukhulu" ukuze "eyamukelekayo". Phakathi izinjongo eyinhloko kulesi sigaba - esikhundleni imiqondo ngaphambilini Taboo lapho umphakathi uyayilahla imigomo ngaphambili zihunyushelwa i euphemisms kokungathathi hlangothi ngokomzwelo. Kulesi mkhuba abanesono siyashintsha incazelo yalo original. Unikelwe igama enikeza ngomqondo omuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeza ulwazi mayelana ongokomlando noma umcimbi ezithinta ngandlela-thile ngaphambi buyinto kungamukeleki. Lesi senzo kungafaneleki, kodwa namanje ingxenye umphakathi safaka umqondo wokuthi sonke izono.

Mayelana nendlela athuthukise inqubo semthethweni ubuzimu, njengoba izibonelo kungenzeka. "Overton Iwindi" uzoqhubeka ethinta nge ukuqhubeka omema ososayensi. Lokhu kuholela umqondo wokuthi umuntu ongafuni ukuxoxa ngalesi sihloko, akavele ulwazi. Kungaba ibhekwe bigot noma umzenzisi. Okuhambisana ubuzimu igama abanye nenhle kumele inikezwe. Leli phuzu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze semthethweni imibono engacabangeki. Ngenxa yalokho nobuzimu ayisekho. Kukhona, isibonelo, anthropophagy. Uma le ncazelo maduze kube ngoluhlaselayo, kwathiwa ngokushesha kuphenduke ngenye.

Injongo ukuziqambela imibandela emisha kuyinto Ukuhamba kusuka ngemvelo yenkinga futhi notation yayo. Ubujamo eshiya inkulumo nokuqukethwe, okuyinto siphuce abaphikisi ngemibono agumenti onohlonze.

Kanye umdlalo kukhona ukudalwa amagama inkomba sandulela. Ukukhanya wadonsa basezinganekwaneni, zomlando, yamanje, noma nje uma yokudlala, okumele esigunyazwe. Thola kuye ngokuthi "ubufakazi" esisemqoka ukuthi, ngokomthetho, kungenzeka ukuba livumele ngokomthetho ubuzimu. Ngokwesibonelo, singakhumbula legend of ongumama, ukulondoloza izingane zabo kusukela ukoma, ngegazi yabo. Futhi onkulunkulu basendulo! Ngokuvamile udle yonke ilandelana. Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma babekholelwa lesi simo sibangelwa engokwemvelo! Kukhonjwa lezi zimpikiswano, abalobi aim ukwethula orgy nobuzimu ndaba zalutho lobugebengu. Ake sithi kwaba ngisho kanye kuphela yisiphi isikhathi ethize yomlando.

Isigaba sesithathu

Psychology "Overton Iwindi" kulesi sigaba kuhloswe:

- ukuvunyelwa umqondo Igesi yemvelo kanye uhlamvu zemvelo lomkhuba okuxoxwa;

- ukuqedwa zengqondo nendaba njengoba ngokuphelele kungamukeleki.

Kulesi sigaba kukhona ushintsho kusuka "esamukelekayo 'ukuze' ukucabangela '. Inkinga, njengoba ngaphambilini lonke, ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi. Ezinye zazo yilezi angathandeki futhi lona wamuva ziyamukeleka ngempela futhi amnandi. Kulokhu, umphakathi uvezwa eziningi timvo letehlukene ngasinye yemiraro ukuthi baye bazwakalisa ngempela ehloniphekayo amalungu ayo.

kungenziwa Kulelizinga tenhlangano, "Overton Iwindi" maqondana ubuzimu ethulwa kanyekanye ne ukuvela kwabezindaba izitatimende ezifana:

- anthropophilia sokucasuka;

- isifiso sokuba indoda-idla esivela ubunjalo indoda;

- ikakhulukazi uma ayengadla isithelo esinqatshelwe bumnandi, nokunye ..

Esikhathini ingqondo zomphakathi kudala inkambu yokufakelwa lwempi. abantu Jwayelekile akuzona qakala impikiswano eyaphakanyiswa, ngokushesha ukuthola isimo abanenzondo olukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izintatheli kanye nososayensi ukufakazela emphakathini wonke ukuthi isintu kuwo wonke umlando ukhona ngezikhathi ezithile, ukondla nomunye, futhi lokho ejwayelekile.

Esigabeni sesine

Injongo isinyathelo ukunyakaza "Overton Iwindi" - ngokudlulisela inkinga kusukela esiteji ethi "ukuba nengqondo" ukuze "ethandwa". Kulesi sigaba:

- basakaza ulwazi mkhuba mass okuxoxwa;

- e ukwazi yomphakathi owethulwa umqondo khona ngempela le nkinga;

- inikeza izibonelo ezishaya emhloleni zendlela azisebenzisa esuka kubantu abadumile, akusho kubangele ukwaliwa sabantu.

Ngakho, esigabeni sesine kokudaliweyo udumo ezahlukene lomkhuba. Ngokuhamba ingenela izibalo. Abezindaba izibalo kuholele ukwanda ukuthandwa umqondo ngesikhathi ukhuluma ngani abantu abathintekayo kulo mkhuba, futhi ngenxa yalokho ezikhangayo hhayi kuphela ukuziphatha kodwa futhi ukubonakala.

Futhi yini yawenza ubuzimu? Anthropophagus bakamalalahlengezela yethulwa kuleli inkulumo imibukiso izindaba. Abantu bayoba ukusakazwa kumabhayisikobho, e isiqophi Ukugunda nezingoma eyenziwa zabahlabeleli. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa futhi omunye popularization of amasu, ngokuthi "Bheka izinhlangothi." Abezindaba ebikwe okuqondene ubuzimu wezingoma odumile noma umqondisi, futhi uzobe Ukwaziswa okunikezwe mayelana nokuthola izigidi Bakwethu cannibal ku nuthouse.

Kulesi sigaba isihloko kuyofika phezulu bese uqala samoproizvoditsya kwezombangazwe, futhi polubiznese ngakho. D. ukuze kuvunwe Abasekeli semthethweni lo imibono esesabekayo kuthiwa izigebengu humanized. Basuke inikezwa ngendlela enhle, sebemtholile izici oyifunayo. Abantu abanjalo bangaba bethi abantu yokudala, banalo IQ ephakeme nokunye. D.

Isigaba sesihlanu

Kulesi isinyathelo kukhona inkinga wokuhumusha esiteji "udumo" okungaphansi kwenkululeko "Political". Kulokhu, okulandelayo Izinjongo:

- lo mkhuba okuhunyushiwe isiteshi zezombusazwe;

- isimemezelo kuphikisa umqondo ukwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu;

- isingeniso ku ukwazi abantu sengqondo esingaqondile ukuze nokunqatshelwa mkhuba.

Movement "Overton Iwindi" kulesi sigaba, kungenzeka ngenxa survey eziningi emphakathini, okuholela lomkhuba uzobe esichazwa njengesono esiphambene setepolitiki. Kulokhu, umbono ngaphambilini ezibonakala engamukeleki uqala zifakwe ajenda ingxoxo nezindaba ezidinga isiphetho zezombusazwe noma zomthetho. Kulokhu, inkinga uzobe wethulwa emphakathini njengoba nesidingo sokuvikela "esizweni esincane", okuyinto wasongelwa.

Ngesikhathi sigaba lokugcina ukunyakaza, "Overton Iwindi" ilungiselela umthetho. Umphakathi ngalesi sikhathi isivele wanqoba. Kuphela ingxenye eziphambili kakhulu ngeke lumelane isigqugquzeli kancane erenki yomthetho kuze izinto muva zicatshangwe. Nokho, umphakathi wonkana bekulokhu eliphukile, futhi ngokuvumelana kunqotshwa kwazo.

imiphumela ubuchwepheshe

Ngenxa ayedabula zonke izigaba ezinhlanu ithiyori ngokuthi "Overton Iwindi" isintu kokulahlekelwa ukuvumelana kwalo kwangaphakathi. Kunalokho, kuphela usizi kwangaphakathi futhi impikiswano ukuhlala nabantu. Noma ubani isebenzisa owayo lobu buchwepheshe akusho balwela ukwenza wonke umuntu indoda ejabulayo. "Iwindi" ukunyakaza senziwa ukuthola vector oyifunayo e ekukhuleni komphakathi. ngaleyo ndlela Abasebenzisi aqala ukulahlekelwa uxhumene amasiko abo kanye nezimpande. Baba izisulu ezilula futhi angabi naluzwela. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuzibulala isilinganiso, okuyinto okubonakale emazweni asethuthukile. Yingakho singase sithi konke okungenhla - wangempela ekubhujisweni ubuchwepheshe. "Overton Iwindi" phuca abantu lwesintu, okuholela ekubhujisweni.

ukuphikiswa

Ukumelana nethonya emibonweni yamanga kungaba ukwehluleka yonke indawo futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi "okuvamile." esaziwa ubuntu babo siqu kuphela, ngeke ukunikeza ukulawula yena ezandleni ezingafanele. Abayi ihlaselwe manipulation okukhulu emphakathini kuzokwenza amasiko, mores namasiko waboyisemkhulu, ngubani-ke kumele agcinwe ngokucophelela futhi ivikelwe. Lamagugu okuphakade uyoba nesandla ekulondolozeni nobunye bomuntu ngamunye ezinhlelo ngamunye umuntu. Lokhu akusho kufanele ulandele amasiko eside engekho. Enough inhlonipho ngabo esitolo. Futhi kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ubuchwepheshe echazwe Overton, isicelo kalula kakhulu umphakathi ukubekezela lapho azikho izinhloso, akukho kuhlukaniswa phakathi kokuhle nokubi.