Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke bomculo Russian futhi izwe

Umhlaba isiko zomculo savela eminyakeni edlule. Enye yezindawo ehola kuwo futhi kuthatha esikoleni kazwelonke Russian. Kuyinto ngokuphelele isitatimende ezinengqondo, njengoba abaqambi eziningi owaziwa eRussia ayazise kube yilolu suku emhlabeni wonke. Owaziwa Russian bomculo sibonga imisebenzi yakhe imkhazimulisa yezwe lakubo, futhi kwadingeka nethonya eliqondile nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe.

Umlando omncane

I zezimbali isiko Russian zomculo ewela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Nkathi futhi ibhekwa inkathi yezinguquko ezinkulu. Kule nkathi yesikhathi kukhona isikole sokuqala Russian of bomculo kwakhiwa isiko eyinhloko ukusebenza zomculo. Ngokuqondene izinhlobo, ngempela ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa eyodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi: opera, Choral nomculo wezinsimbi. Nokho, uhlobo main namanje uzobhekwa opera, futhi ngalesi sikhathi kwaba ethandwa, hhayi nje phakathi bomculo isiRashiya, kodwa futhi phesheya. Ngo opera isiRashiya, njengoba kuqhathaniswa angaphandle, idluliselwe ngendlela eqondakalayo, kufinyeleleke, emfushane futhi ubhekane namaqiniso, okusekelwe nsuku ethandwa. Kanye ke uye savela kanye nomculo choral ukuthi nakanjani ezihambisana kuhanjiswa ngamunye. Kulesi sihloko uzothola ulwazi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izithombe bomculo abadumile.

ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili

Kulesi sigaba, kwakukhona abaqambi Russian yokuqala eyaziwayo, omunye wabo kwaba Dmitry Bortniansky. Siyabonga kuye, umculo Russian lithole amasiko amasha kanye nezindlela ezilandelwayo uhlobo ekhonsathini choral, isibonelo. Yena wayedume ukucutshungulwa isihlalo sakhe siqu isitayela - izici ezixhunyiwe amashuni ubudala nokuthambekela yesimanje harmonic. Wayengase enothisa ikhona, ngisho ukuthungwa elula futhi uguqule kube into eyingqayizivele ngokusebenzisa ritmichesih diversification, izicelo ezihlukahlukene Ukwakheka choral, emangalisayo polyphonic amakhono. Futhi Kuhle kokusho ukuthi umqambi wasebenza eNkantolo Chapel futhi waba nethonya elikhulu nokwenza kwayo isitayela, kanye abaqambi eziningi Russian owaziwa. I amakhonsathi edume kunazo choral Dmitriya Bortnyanskogo is "Ungangilahli esikhathini sokuguga" kanye choral inombolo ekhonsathini 33.

Mikhail Glinka

abaqambi Russian owaziwa kwaqala ukuvela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, kodwa empeleni eziqhakazayo wangempela Russian umculo we-classic kwaba ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. It lubopha ngokuyinhloko Mihailom Ivanovichem Glinkoy. It is lokhu umqambi ivule inkathi entsha ngokomlando umculo. impumelelo wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela kuphulwa izitayela ezinkulu classical. Glinka wasebenza, singasho, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo, wabhala opera, usebenzela symphony orchestra, upiyano izingcezu, eziningi izingoma nemisebenzi vocal, eyaziwa umsebenzi wakhe ekamelweni ensembles. indima Ukuphayona UMikhail Ivanovich impela high, abaqambi eziningi owaziwa baye bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uvumelane isitayela yakhe eyingqayizivele. Glinka ulwazi olujulile ubuzwe, it is kahle njengoba kubonakala kula opera "Ivan Susanin". Akwaziwa umqambi futhi indlela yakhe ekhethekile ongumlimi ingoma, ngokuvamile imisebenzi wasebenzisa raspevnosti futhi ukushintshashintsha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka bomculo abaningi abadumile wabhala imisebenzi enjalo, kodwa kubhekwa umsunguli Russian kazwelonke opera classical. Imisebenzi eyaziwa kakhulu yilezi esikhathini sethu "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila" futhi "Ivan Susanin".

Alexander Dargomyzhsky

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye eRussia ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza eziphambili zomphakathi, izimbali zawo ziwukudla okukhulu ezibucayi okwangempela, lokhu kusebenza kokubili ubuciko ngokuvamile nomculo. Aleksandr Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky kwaba ummeleli wayo njengomalusi, esiyingqayizivele isitayela - okwangempela buviyoviyo. Thanda kwabaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi abaqambi owaziwa, waqhubeka isiko emisha yethulwe Nokho, Mihailom Glinkoy, yaqalisa okwakhe emhlabathini-breaking, le egcizelela isitayela sakhe Flamboyant efanayo. Enye yezinto ezinkulu ka-Alexander iyona opera "Rusalka". emisha zayo, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuthi lena wokuqala Russian classical opera esikoleni lyric-kwengqondo drama ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa. Kubalulekile ukuthi cishe zonke izici ezintsha ziboniswe izigcawu choral, basuke libhekene melodiousness kanti ezinye zifana romance ezisemadolobheni kanye ethandwa. Futhi kuyinto opera kuqala, okuyinto ngempela indlela yokuqala, izinhlamvu - lena zabantu abavamile kwezakhi zenhlalo ezahlukene, futhi mermaid ezingaqondakali. Omunye umsebenzi ezidumile Dargomyzhsky kuthathwa njengesibikezelo vocal ekamelweni Ensemble "Petersburg misindo".

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke bomculo inhlangano "Onamandla idlanzana"

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu abalulekile kuba futhi inkathi. Ukuphela nesishiyagalolunye lwamashumi amabili ekuqaleni yaba enye yezindawo izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko Russian. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho abaqambi abadumile zomculo udale yesimanje, wonke umphakathi ajwayelekile "Onamandla idlanzana". Leli qembu senziwa neqhaza ngokungavamile ekuthuthukiseni isikole Russian kazwelonke ukwakheka. Futhi akusiyo absolyutino isimanga. Phela, kufakwe bomculo enjalo owaziwa, efana Thobekile Petrovich Musorgsky Aleksandr Porfirevich Borodin, uNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, miliy Alekseevich Balakirev futhi Tsezar Antonovich Kyui. Ukuze umsebenzi wabo libhekene izinguquko ezinkulu isitayela uhlobo opera, ngokukhethekile, ukubaluleka exhunywe drama engokomlando, kanye isixuku izigcawu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke imisebenzi yabo, isimiso, yayihloselwe nokugcina amasiko esiyingqayizivele Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo futhi Mikhail Glinka, bona kulekelelwa yabo izinguquko isisindo kanye innovations kamuva bamlethela udumo makhulu ngaphandle yeRussia.

Thobekile Mussorgsky

Mussorgsky owasungula olwesimanje ngokuphelele bebheke Russian classical opera esikoleni. Kaningi-ke wafaniswa nge Rubinstein. Zadalelwa ngokuqondisa idrama zomculo. Umsebenzi wakhe operatic nayo egcinwe ukuze imikhiqizo asetshenziswa izici ezifana ehlukile njengendlela entsha esebenzisa mazwi omculo, elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isithombe isizwe, kwamangqamuzana we choir kanye nokwabiwa amavoti ethize ukubunjwa yayo, ukusetshenziswa njalo izingoma recitative mpendulwano. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izigcawu choral ngempela ngokubabazekayo. Ngokulandela izimfashini esiyingqayizivele Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky usebenzise indlela efanayo, pass-nge endaweni yesehlakalo. Nokho, ukuphumelela umqambi akugcini i uhlobo opera, akazange ukuphatha kahle amalungiselelo choral of Folk songs, upiyano isebenza by ezimele futhi ende i ifomu izingoma ukuze isetshenziswe abaculi nabadansi, yobuciko vocal-Symphonic. Ethandwa kakhulu namuhla umqambi of the opera "Khovanshchina" futhi "Boris Godunov." Siyabonga kubo, Petrovich Thobekile wafunda bomculo abaningi abadumile emhlabeni.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Omunye bomculo ethandwa kakhulu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili eRussia ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu Sergeya Vasilevicha Rahmaninova. Ezinkondlweni zakhe kusobala lidlule indima lokuhuba. Umthombo oyinhloko ugqozi umqambi wakhonza njengephayona isixhumanisi nge Russian Folk songs, isiko choral lasendulo. Isimiso esiyisisekelo yomsebenzi wakhe kungabuye ngokuthi ngobuqotho, inkulumo ngqo imizwa isithombe esinembile ngokukhulisa nokudlulisela ukuphila. Uhlobo yimpumelelo kakhulu umqambi wakhonza njengephayona imisebenzi vocal-Symphonic. Basuke benawo Amazing ushona ezingokwengqondo umcabango yefilosofi. cantata "Spring" nesithi "Izinsimbi" ethandwa namuhla. Phela, lo mbuzo wesibili lokubhala okwathi ngawo izwe bomculo abadumile babephefumulelwe ukubhala yobuciko zabo. Lawa kwakungamadodana Sergei Prokofiev, uDmitri Shostakovich, Georgy Sviridov. Futhi, lokhu kuhlanganisa umqambi Soviet owaziwa Yury Alexandrovich Shaporin.

abaculi abaningi balwazisa kakhulu futhi sasimthanda upiyano usebenza Sergeya Vasilevicha Rahmaninova, emangalisayo enhle ke Preludes futhi etudes, omunye ethandwa kakhulu ekhonsathini izingcezu iyona edume "Elegy".

Ngezansi ukufinyelela esithombeni soqobo. abaqambi Soviet Akwaziwa abaningi kangaka cha, kodwa kwaba nethonya elikhulu ku-isiko zomculo yeRussia. Phakathi kwabo, uDmitri Shostakovich, Andrew Eshpay, Rodion Shchedrin, Aleksandra Pahmutova.

bomculo abadumile emhlabeni. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Uma sikhuluma bomculo abadumile emhlabeni, owokuqala abavame efika engqondweni Yiqiniso, Mozart. Umqambi wazalelwa e Salzburg, umdlalo Yayiqala ekuseni kakhulu, eqinisweni, kakade babuka futhi wanikeza amakhonsathi eminyakeni 6. Kukholakala ukuthi umfana waba ukuzwa lokukwazi futhi inkumbulo. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wayedlala ivayolini, upiyano, isitho kanye Harpsichord, amakhono futhi ephethwe esihle umqhubi kanye namandla okwenza virtuoso Improvisation. abaqambi Abaningi classical, owaziwa ngokuba imisebenzi yabo yokuqala, wafuna ukulingisa isitayela eyingqayizivele Mozart. Namuhla, ethandwa kakhulu izingoma zakhe zihlanganisa opera "Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro" futhi "The Magic umtshingo", kanye eliyisisekelo "Requiem".

Abaqambi French: Zhorzh Bize

Famous umqambi French kulezizinsuku zithandwa kakhulu. Omunye evelele kunazo zonke kuyinto Zhorzh Bize - ummeleli esiyingqayizivele kwesikhathi zothando. Uye ebhaliwe inani elikhulu imisebenzi wezinsimbi, amaculo kanye upiyano izicucu. Nokho, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke, futhi mhlawumbe izinhlobo yimpumelelo kakhulu lapho ayesebenzela umqambi, kuyinto opera. Yiqiniso, kungase futhi elalidume kunawo wonke ngokuthi asinike "UCarmen". Esinye, akunjalo owaziwa, kodwa akukho yimpumelelo ngaphansi kwaba opera "Iparele Abadobi".

Ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi izingoma bomculo abadumile classical eRussia futhi emhlabeni wonke, kanye upiyano, okudaliwe Symphonic futhi ahlale alithandeki namuhla. Kaningi, lezi izingcezu kuzwakale at amakhonsathi, kuthelevishini movie, ngisho ukukhangisa. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isiko zomculo, ekugcineni bathole isici esisha, usamkhumbula yalawo masiko zakudala ukuthi Kwamiswa abaqambi edume kunazo zonke.