Kuyini reflex ekhondishina

Kusukela imizuzu sokuqala ngqá ekuphileni yanoma isiphi isidalwa esiphilayo possesses ikhaliphe unconditioned. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba ukusiza ukujwayela siqhubeke siphila kuleli zwe ngaphandle, okuyinto zigcwele izingozi eziningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhaliphe unconditioned achazwayo, futhi ngaphezu zivela ikhaliphe aluthola, okuyinto yilabo abake emva kokuthola noma yimuphi umuzwa ekuphileni. Zibizwa ngokuthi okunemibandela.

Kuyini reflex moya

Ngalokhu eside kwakusho hhayi ukuthi ngaphandle zokuxhumana bemvelo yesikhashana, eyabonakala ngenxa ngokuhlanganisa umfutho unconditioned futhi moya. Lokhu reflex kusekelwe ubudlelwano yesikhashana evelayo phakathi ezinye izakhiwo yezinzwa isipiliyoni enokwehla nezidalwa eziphilayo. Kwaqhubeka reflex izikhungo ingqondo ephakeme. Labo ingqondo ukuthi kukhona olungenamkhawulo e wonke amalungu zohlobo olulodwa musa ihluke nomunye, futhi ikhaliphe moya ngendlela emangalisayo ahlukahlukene. Njalo abantu abahlala bangabanikazi.

A ezihlukahlukene ikhaliphe ekhondishina zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi nenhlalakahle ngamunye ophilayo eba ngendlela yalo: i ezenzeka ngaphandle konke ehlukene, iyinye psyche ngabanye ezihlelwe ngayo, isimo sokuphila zihlukile, nokunye.

ikhaliphe womuntu okunemibandela, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye isidalwa esiphilayo, zisekelwe ikhaliphe olungenamkhawulo. Njengoba ezishukumisa ekhondishina ingaba njengesihluthulelo iyiphi iziphi izici zangaphandle. Kungenzeka ehlukile, kodwa futhi zimelela yonke kuzimo zenethiwekhi. Njengoba isibonelo esilula reflex moya kungaholela esimweni esinjalo: ikhala bell - umfundi iqala ukuqoqa zibekwe phezu notebook edeskini. Uyakwenza ngokungazi, kanye "umshini", njengoba ucingo ngoba siwulimi uphawu lokuthi mkhulu ngendlela sokuhamba. Uma ufake u-edeskini ukuze preschooler noma umuntu oye eside awukenzi, ubambe inkulumo, bese uletha ucingo - kuyisikhathi eside ngeke ukuthutha. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi reflex itholakala kuphela kulabo kabani umsebenzi evelele isifundo.

ikhaliphe moya zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: wezinsimbi futhi classic. Lapho ingqondo classical ukuphendula livela ngaphandle azowalekelela ezengeziwe, kuyilapho wezinsimbi eziphilayo inhlangano sithola noma yikuphi "umvuzo" ngemva kulandele yokusabela kuya umfutho.

Pavlov nezinja zakhe

Lokho Russian Academician I. P. Pavlovym ikhaliphe moya avuleka. Wabuye waba neqhaza elikhulu ekutadisheni kwabo. Imisebenzi yakhe besizwa ukuba baqonde futhi ukuhlola isitho kuyinkimbinkimbi kunazo izidalwa eziphilayo. Yiqiniso, sikhuluma ubuchopho.

Akademik advantageously olwenziwa ukulinga izinja. Isilwane wafakwa egumbini ukuthi ahlukanisa ngokuphelele ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle, kodwa Kwahlelwa futhi ukuze experimenter zingabuka izilwane ngaphandle kokuba waphawula. Ngokuvamile inja zase zihleliwe nedivaysi ekhethekile, okuyinto Akalivumelanga ukuhambisa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ngaphambi ucwaningo, izilwane imisebenzi sibonga obekukhona kuwo ithuba ukuqapha malini ngamathe baye esabiwe.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola inja ekhethekile ugqoko Element kokudla. Kufaka umfutho (ukukhanya, amakhwela, chofoza, njll), futhi wanika ukudla inja. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inja isungule reflex moya, eyayihlanganisa eqinisweni lokuthi isiginali ezithile akubonayo njengoba ucingo kaningi ukuze bayise ukudla. Kwakunokwenzeka ukufakazela esebenzisa ithuluzi by okwenzeka ngamathe iqoqo.

Academician Pavlov enza khona umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi emhlabeni. Izinto azibhala zaba Namanje wayazisa futhi wayitadisha kokubili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.