Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nezimbangela zayo

Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi - lokhu kuyinqubo evamile lapho ukubhujiswa kwenhlabathi inhlabathi kanye jet stream of ncibilika, isiphepho, imvula amanzi ukucelela noma imimoya. Umonakalo kusuka umthelela omkhulu onjalo. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi usisusile kakade 2 Bln. Amahektha of umhlaba ngenhloso yezolimo, kuhlanganise umhlabathi olimekayo (izigidi ezingu-50. Acres).

Nokho Soil kuyinto uhlelo self-ephulukisa, ukubuyisela ezilimele ungqimba ukushuba 2,5 liyadingeka iminyaka 300-1000.

Izinhlobo ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi - kuyinto amanzi kanye nomoya (deflation).

amafomu Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi uhudo ekuvimbela ukwelashwa emhlabathini; Lwenza gullies, ekunciphiseni phansi endaweni ngaphansi izitshalo; kokubhubhisa imigwaqo egcwele yokulima. Uma uyikha phezulu le engenhla emthambekeni iDemo kakhulu encishisiwe noma ikhukhulwe ngokuphelele chernozem ungqimba, esithinta umkhiqizo.

ukuguguleka Izimbangela

Amandla okuvela ukuguguleka kakhulu kuthonywa sezulu, isimo sezwe, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi ukulawula ukuzinza, izimila lezi zindawo, ezomnotho zabantu kanye nezinye izinto.

Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi incike sezulu, ngoba ukuguguleka sithuthukiswe ngenxa ngokuphazima kweso lapho izinga lokushisa, umthamo kanye ngamandla imvula, isivinini somoya kanye namandla. Okuphansi okushisa umhlabathi nqabela ejulile, ukushuba incibilikiswa yayo neqhwa encibilika kuthinta izinga lamanzi kokuziphatha enhlabathini, othinta amanzi ukugeleza, ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Amanzi ashaya leli dwala kuyinto udonga (struychatoy, lwento) Planar kanye neensetjenziswa (wokunisela).

Uma ebusika emithambekeni ye emigodini iqhwa yimimoya enamandla, inhlabathi dalulwa, yiqhwa futhi kuvimbela cwilisa amanzi kwancibilika. Lokhu kubangela ukugeleza kakhulu amanzi.

Umoya futhi inomthelela inqubo amanzi ashaya leli dwala, ngoba redistributes eqhweni phezu sezwe, ke ashaye kusukela kwemithambeka nemihosha, imishayo nokunye. D.

Deflation luncike ukuguguleka bebutho umoya, ukuqala avele ngesilinganiso mayelana 12 m / s ezingeni ukuphakama mayelana 10 m ngaphezu kwamanzi umhlabathi.

Isivinini somoya futhi kuncike kwezimila. On komkhathi forestless, Prairies, isivinini somoya ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela 30 m / s, futhi ehlathini futhi asemaqeleni zone lincane.

Inzika kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa umoya ukuguguleka komhlabathi, kodwa ngobuningi bazo ikhuthaza amanzi.

Amandla ukubhujiswa sezwe abathintekayo, steepness yobude nemithambeka, ububanzi kwemithombo yamanzi. The eside futhi steeper emthambekeni, aba maningi endaweni ezilimele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi futhi ukungathi sína nemiphumela yaso.

Isimo izici nenhlabathi kuthinte degree yembubhiso. Ngakho ostrukturennye qualitatively, chernozem friability ezahlukene, amanzi permeability, ngakho ukuguguleka ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo kubo sincane kakhulu.

Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi incike Ukwakheka mechanical inhlabathi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, emoyeni usengozini yokuthola ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi engasindi - loam sandy and sandy. Clay nenhlabathi bavezwa deflation a okuxekethile, isimo enothuli kuphela. Kalula libhujiswa umoya calcareous nenhlabathi - emhlabeni ensundu black. nenhlabathi ane-alikhali futhi usawoti ikhotha - umoya ukumelana.

Ngenxa yezimila kakhulu wancipha ngokuphelele inqubo ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Blow imvula sashintsha uhlaza oluminyene, uketshezi lugcinwa amaqabunga isitshalo futhi utshani kakhulu kubamba ukugeleza kwamanzi.

Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuyehla, uma emhlabathini embozwe utshani zisetshenziswa ukuthi ukuvikela umhlabathi umthelela imvula nomoya, okwandisa permeability amanzi.

On izinqubo erosive unomthelela kakhulu ezomnotho kubantu. Nge ukwanda Ingxenye endaweni etshalwe nge irowu izitshalo, kwandisa umfutho ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Lapho ngokweqile tillage mechanical atomization yayo kwenzeka, okwandisa njengoba umoya namanzi ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Inhlabathi compaction kubangela nokuwela emkhakheni esindayo ipulazi imishini kunciphisa yayo amanzi permeability, anda amanzi ukugeleza dilutes futhi izona.