Kuyini ugwadule? Izimbangela ugwadule. Lapho ugwadule okwenzekayo?

Sekuyisikhathi eside Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kubonisa ukuthi inani evundile eplanethini yethu lehla njalo ngonyaka. Ngokusho izibalo wokulungiselela, ososayensi, phezu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu ezweni efanelekayo ukucutshungulwa awahlelanga. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila yini izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, futhi izizathu lapho ivela khona futhi umthelela semvelo emhlabeni wonke.

umqondo jikelele

Umqondo "ugwadule" has bomcondvofana amaningana. Ikakhulukazi, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, Sahel syndrome ne kumiswa okuqhubekayo ezingwadule. Ngaphansi lesi simanga libhekisela ezweni nokucekelwa izinqubo ezenzeka ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu eshaqisayo yokuba ugwadule, okuyinto abelwe ososayensi - kuyinto umsebenzi womuntu futhi ushintsho esimweni sezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba zikhona izindawo lapho izimo zemvelo ezifana ehlane. Minyaka yonke ngenxa le nkinga emhlabeni yalahlekelwa izigidi ezingu-nambili amahektha nomhlabathi ovundile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi kusukela emhlabeni wonke esikhathini esiyingqopha ukuqhubeka njalo lokhu kuthambekela.

izinkinga ukuqashelwa

Ngokokuqala ngqá isintu baqaphela sina yenkinga futhi baqala ukukhuluma ngezinye yini izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, e ngeminyaka yoma ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule. Imbangela kwaba nesomiso esikhulu esathinta African zone engokwemvelo aseSahel, esiye saholela khona indlala ezadala umonakalo ngo-esifundeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1977 e Nairobi (inhlokodolobha Kenya) ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi inkomfa UN owawuse, isihloko okwakukhona ukuhlonza izimbangela eziyinhloko futhi izinyathelo zokunqanda umhlaba nokucekelwa.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu Ukungenela komuntu

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, zikhona yizimbangela ezimbili ezihamba phambili ugwadule - izici zemvelo imisebenzi yabantu. Ngenkathi kuqala kubo, isintu awukwazi kuthinte nganoma iyiphi indlela, isimo ke kungathuthukiswa kubangelwe wesibili. Imisebenzi ezivamile eziholela kumiswa okuqhubekayo izingwadule, kuyinto ziklabe, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile futhi engenangqondo umhlabathi olimekayo, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu ezindaweni ezinesomiso emhlabeni.

Izilwane ezifuywayo

Engqungqutheleni UN, ososayensi eshiwo ngenhla wafinyelela esiphethweni ngazwilinye ngokuthi ukudliwa uhlaza imfuyo uhlobo ezivame kakhulu Ukungenela komuntu ngokwemvelo, okuholela ugwadule. Kulokhu, libhekisela yokuthi manje, kanye eminyakeni engaphezu kuka amathathu edlule, imfuyo yayiklaba izilwane iyunithi ezweni ngalinye ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu overpriced. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi izimila thins out njalo, futhi inhlabathi Uzithukululile. Lokhu kuphumela ukuguguleka komhlabathi, Ukuwohloka kwezimo ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni izithombo ugwadule.

ukusetshenziswa engenangqondo umhlabathi olimekayo

Lokhu isici sesibili ngobukhulu futhi umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuba ukunciphisa nezikhathi lokuzijabulisa umhlaba, kanye umhlaba zilima, esisogwini nemithambeka, okuyinto kuholela ukuguguleka nokwehlisa ikhava kwezimila. Okwenza isimo sibe sibi ngenxa ukusetshenziswa engalawuliwe zinambuzane, okuyinto kuveza ngenxa yomhlabathi umquba. Ngaphandle ngokusebenza kuyo imishini esindayo wezolimo umtselela wesikhatsi inhlabathi, nokuholele ekushoneni iba zinhlobo ewusizo izidalwa eziphilayo (isibonelo, nemisundu eminingi).

Kwamahlathi

Esinye isici esibangela umsebenzi womuntu eholela Sahel Syndrome, waqala mass ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Izindawo ezivamile lapho eziphenduka ugwadule Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, uye waba esifundeni inabantu abaningi Afrika, okuyinto esikhathini sethu izinkuni kuyinto ebalulekile mthombo wamandla. Basuke njengelinye lamazwe Ezindaweni ezinesomiso kakhulu kuyiplanethi yethu. Iqiniso lokuthi nesidingo yezakhamuzi zendawo eHoreshi Ukushisa kanye nokwakhiwa, kanye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukwandisa inani umhlabathi olimekayo, okwaholela ukuvela lapha lokhu yinkinga yembulunga yonke.

isici yemvelo

Ngaphezu umsebenzi womuntu, kukhona azifele eshaqisayo yokuba ugwadule. Ngaphansi kwethonya umoya ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukunciphisa usawoti enhlabathini bese lwenethiwekhi, kanye ngenxa amanzi ngamanzi, kuphela iqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesichubekako ehlane kumiswa kuthonywa iyehla iyenyuka bemvelo imvula, inqobo ukungabikho yabo akugcini ngokuletha umuzwa ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa futhi ekuqaleni kwale nqubo eyinhlekelele.

Umthelela on zezwe

Ukukhuluma ngokuthi yini izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, ingasaphathwa umthelela walo omubi ekuthuthukisweni komnotho emazweni amaningi. Esikhathini esithile esidlule, abameleli World Bank izifundo sezenziwe kwelinye lamazwe etholakala endaweni yemvelo Sahel zone. Imiphumela ababeziphethe ngayo yayibonisa ukuthi ukwehla imithombo yemvelo kuye kwaholela ukunciphisa GDP yayo ngamaphesenti amabili. Ngokusho kwenye incwadi, nanku nomtamo ingqikithi izimali, ethola isimo kancane, uhlushwa inkinga komyalelo wokungabi 42 bhiliyoni aseMelika. Omunye umphumela olimazayo ugwadule bekulokhu ukuvela njalo izingxabano ngamazwe ngenxa yokwephulwa izakhamuzi angomakhelwane imingcele beyofuna amanzi nokudla.

Ithonya abantu

ugwadule zindawo bengenayo ukuncipha okuphawulekayo umkhiqizo wezolimo, kanye uhlu izitshalo abampofu. ecosystem zabo minyaka yonke sibi uyakwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-izifunda eziye zavela endaweni ethonyeni lawo, waba ukwanda isici kunombolo iziphepho zesihlabathi, umphumela okuyinto ukuthuthukiswa izakhamuzi zendawo ezinazo of izifo zamehlo, komzimba kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.

Konke lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, ayikwazi ukuvela umonakala abantu abahlala hhayi kuphela kulezi zindawo kodwa futhi ngaphandle kwabo. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-Sahel Syndrome kuholela ukuwohloka ku izinga amanzi okuphuza, siltation kwamadamu okugcina amanzi ekhona, kanye nasekuqiniseni inhlabathi emachibini noma emifuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni uhlushwa ezifana ukukhiqizwa kokudla. Against ngemuva ukukhula inani labantu emhlabeni kungaba ithinte noma indlala.

izindlela zokubhekana

Ukukhuluma ngokuthi yini izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukubhekana nale nkinga kuyinkinga kakhulu. Ukuze ulwe ngempumelelo ukuvela aseSahel Syndrome udinga ukuthatha uhla izinyathelo, okubandakanya ngokwako izici kwezomnotho, ezolimo, zezulu, ezombusazwe nezenhlalo.

Enye yezindlela ethembisayo futhi saxoxa ukuba unqobe le nkinga kubhekwa zokutshala izihlahla ku umhlabathi olimekayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa umoya ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka inhlabathi umswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinyathelo bendawo ukuthuthukisa isimo. Impela kubhekwa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ubumba noma itshe emhlabeni izinkambu izitshalo ifolishi. Kulokhu, ukuphakama 30-40 cm kwakwanele ukuze alibale kwezulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu balapha kwadingeka okungenani nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi indlela yokunakekela lamadamu eyinqaba.

izinkinga ezingase zibe khona

Kufinyeta, kufanele agxile eqinisweni lokuthi izihloko ezinjalo njengoba izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule, izinyathelo ukuze zilwe futhi nendlela yokuzigwema ukuze zingasivimbi ke kamuva nje kuthiwa uya eba ajenda eyinhloko izingqungquthela ehlukahlukene ihlelwe yi-United Nations. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba nokucekelwa phansi umhlabathi kunomthelela abantu cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane baphila emhlabeni, futhi ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke umhlaba wokulima ekhona. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, e-Australia, eNingizimu ye-Asia, kanye ezifundeni ezithile eziseningizimu yeYurophu.