Domenico Trezzini: Biography of umakhi lokuqala Petersburg

Umakhi lokuqala Petersburg Domenico Andrea Trezzini wachitha impela ukuphila isikhathi eside. ERussia, usethole ikhaya elisha, futhi igama lomndeni. He qamba Petersburg eziningi eziphawulekayo izakhiwo yezakhiwo ukuthi yathonya izakhiwo Russian ngokuvamile. Igama lakhe manje ngokuvamile kuyabonakala encwadini izinkinga lapho abafundi unikela ukuqonda "ukuthi ikhampasi wathenga uPetru Lopushin futhi Domenico Trezzini." Kodwa biography of umakhi - kuyingxenye umlando Russian.

Ebuntwaneni Nomkhaya

Ukuphila ikakhulukazi mayelana esengumntwana Domenico Trezzini kuncane kakhulu ezaziwayo. Wazalwa edolobhaneni elincane Swiss Astana, eduze Lugano Tessinsky Canton e 1670, usuku oluthe xaxa oludingayo alwaziwa. Umkhaya Avela Italian izikhulu kanye buphele e Trezzini. Ngesikhathi lokuzalwa lo mfana, abazali bakhe ababehlala e-Switzerland futhi kwadingeka ozihluphekelayo kakhulu. Kodwa umndeni wayeziqhenya ngemvelaphi yabo, futhi umnyango endlini yabo yafakwa elingenamikhono izingalo ngesimo isiphambano kungumkhuba St Andrew, ifomu French.

kumiswa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Domenico Trezzini umndeni bebumfishane kwezimali Basaba wakhetha ukunika umfana lokuthola imfundo. Canton Ticino, okuyinto okungukuthi ekhaya ukuze eziningi abasuka e-Italy, idume yayo wobuciko yobuciko ezikoleni. Kusukela kule ndawo kwaba abaklami abangaba ngu-150 sasivumela owaziwa European. Ngakho-ke, umndeni Trezzini eside yayingidida yini umsebenzi ukunikeza indodana yakhe. Lapho waphothula izifundo zakhe esikoleni sendawo, abazali banquma ukuthi Domenico kudingeka uqhubeke imfundo yabo ukuze uthole indawo ehloniphekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, Italy laliyisikhungo imfundo lathumela, kukhona ezimbili izindawo Centre of imfundo for abakhi: iRoma ne-Venice. Njengoba Venice kuseduze futhi ashibhile, ukukhetha, wawela phezu kwayo. Domenico waya siqonde umsebenzi kulo muzi phezu kwamanzi, futhi kamuva eminyakeni embalwa wathola idokhumenti athandwayo eqinisekisa ziqu yakhe. Manje-ke kwakudingekile ukuba uthole umsebenzi.

Isimemo ezivela eRussia

E-Italy futhi eSwitzerland lwakubo ukusebenza Domenico Trezzini wayengekho. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Danish Korol Kristian Omkhulu Wesihlanu waqala ukwakhiwa emikhulu - wazimisela ukwakha izinqaba emhlabeni Copenhagen. Nakuba Domenico waya Denmark, kwaba noshintsho phakathi kukahulumeni kanye nabezimboni inkosi entsha Frederick akazange yesine abafuni ukuqasha Trezzini inkonzo. Kodwa Domenico kodwa wathola indawo futhi wayesebenza ku ukwakhiwa izinqaba ingakapheli iminyaka 4. Ngalezo zinsuku, phakathi Denmark neRussia umbimbi lempi waphetha nezikhonzi eziningana Russian babe eCopenhagen futhi babefuna kuchwepheshe ukuze ukuqaliswa, uPeter Omkhulu. Russian Ambassador Andrey Izmailov ubambe izingxoxo nezinhlaka luthela wezakhiwo, isazi izinqaba. Trezzini iholo eliphezulu kakhulu wathenjiswa, "bephakamisa" kanye pay kuyanda ngemva kokuba "sizobonisa art yabo." Konke lokhu kwaba ngaphezu ezilingayo, wezakhiwo abasha futhi wavumelana ukuya ezweni lase exotic ezifana Russia.

izivikelo

Russia bawadinga ngokuphuthumayo izivikelo ukuvikela imingcele yabo ngokumelene abaseSweden. Kodwa ochwepheshe iphrofayela kwakungesona kuleli zwe futhi ngenxa yalokho akubona inhloso kanye abaklami onjiniyela phesheya. Ngo-1703, i-umzila wamanzi oxhumanisa kusuka Copenhagen ukuba Arkhangelsk waya Domenico Trezzini. Khona-ke wavuka endaweni lokuzalwa Petersburg yalungisa kuleyandawo ngesiGreki. Uhlale lapha nabezizwe zihlukile, ngokuvumelana Umlando wabantu ababephila, akekho ongcono Trezzini angazanga indlela yokuxazulula ukungezwani kanye nezinkinga zabo. Le phrojekthi yokuqala, okuyinto eyalwa umakhi - Fort Kronshlot emanzini eGulf of Finland. Yena ngenkuthalo wathatha umsebenzi futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, naphezu ipulani engajwayelekile ulimi abandayo futhi ezingajwayelekile, ithimba lakhe wakwazi ukubeka nqaba. Nakuba kwakuvamile ukuba isiko Russian ifomu nokwakhiwa okubangelwa enjabulo abaningi bayangabaza. Nokho, ukuhlaselwa lokuqala abaseSweden wabonisa ukuthi Fort oboronosposoben futhi kakhulu ukumphakamisa Trezzini emehlweni, uPeter Omkhulu. Yokudumisa ukunqoba Narva, uPetru wanquma ukwakha khona ungena Arch ngendlela yesiko wamaRoma. Le phrojekthi angimisa Trezzini. esangweni Yamandla phambi Trezzini ithole isidlaliso "uPetru", ziye zaba isikhumbuzo wangempela izingalo Russian futhi wayijabulela ngempela imihlangano Russian Tsar. Wasenza ukubuya endaweni isakhiwo Trezzini Petersburg, futhi ukwenza kwakhiwe le nqaba.

UPetru noPawulu inqaba

On Hare Island iminyaka eminingi sekube umsebenzi - uPetru noPawulu Fortress lamiswao. Domenico Trezzini wathunyelwa esikhundleni efile umphathi kwakhiwa Saxon unjiniyela Johann Kirhenshteynu. Ngaleso sikhathi, izindonga esemqoka lokhuni kwakhiwa, unjiniyela esisha esasinalo ukuqedela ukwakhiwa ku kronverka esiqhingini iphoyisa, thatha izindonga, ukuthola indlela ukwehlisa umthwalo ekuqiniseni uhlelo wave ngesikhathi izikhukhula kokuvinjezelwa. Domenico wabeka itshe lokuqala izindonga brick imatasa ukwakhiwa. UPetru noPawulu Fortress ke kuyothiwa main ukwakhiwa yakhe yokuphila. Ngu-oda sikaPeter inqaba esakhiwe amasango "ngendlela Narva", ukwakha izindonga, wakha umagazini powder, emabhalekisini. Konke lokhu kwenziwa zwí kakhulu futhi omkhulu. Inkosi wayevame wezinsimbi esakhiweni samjabulisa intuthuko yakhe. Trezzini waqinisa isikhundla kwabo enkantolo Russian.

Trezzini naseNyakatho Capital

Ngemva kokuphela imisebenzi emikhulu e inqaba Domenico Trezzini, ogama biography manje kuze kube phakade exhumene ne Russia, wathola i-oda ukuhlelwa ezindaweni zokuhlala komuzi. Buildings wezakhiwo langaleso sikhathi wahlala ongaphakeme, kodwa izibalo basikisela ububanzi ubuhle nje ebamba isisu. Ukuthola wezakhiwo Kuqalwe iwela "lokhuni" inkathi edolobheni, ayikuvumeli master ukuba silubonise ngokugcwele amakhono abo, kodwa wasebenzisa ukucabanga bese udala kukhonkolo noma etsheni. It wabelwa imisebenzi ngaphezulu okuyinto ayezenza umthwalo omkhulu wemfanelo. Kodwa uPetru akazange ukufeza izithembiso zabo, akalokothi ephakanyiswe iholo wezakhiwo, nakuba ekuqaleni futhi isithembiso. Trezzini kodwa Akazange akhononde, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi timidly ebuzwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhokhelwa. Isebenza ku-ilungiselelo wezakhiwo inqaba uzobe wahlanganyela kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, inkosi wehlisela phezu kwayo kanye nezinye izinkinga zasemadolobheni ukuthi unjiniyela unqume ukuhlonipha. Okokuqala, akulona iphrojekthi lempi umakhi waba lombhishobhi emboniselweni. Kamuva, waqala ukuba bahlanganyele ubunjiniyela kanye esebeké eziningi umzamo futhi umcabango e uhlela Northern dolobha.

UPetru No-Paul Cathedral

Ngo-1712 Domenico Trezzini waqala umsebenzi project uPetru noPawulu lombhishobhi itshe esikhundleni wesonto lokhuni. Njengendlela project of inqaba itshe, lombhishobhi baba igama elisha bokwakha Russian. Ethempelini babelwa inkinga engathí sina kakhulu: wayebe iwuphawu Russia entsha, inhliziyo Petersburg. Cathedral wahlala isakhiwo kunazo zonke e-ingxenye zomlando zomuzi kuze 2012 futhi namanje kuwuphawu ezinkulu zezinto ezivusa Petersburg. Esikhathini yezakhiwo umqondo Cathedral - ukwakhiwa Kasibili Western Europe. Ukubonakala kwaso esiqinile futhi laconic, kulawulwa multi-tiered isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Zonke ubukhazikhazi ongaphakathi sesonto. It kwaku ethuneni yasebukhosini futhi ezinhle kakhulu iconostasis eyayibhalwe. The elingaphakathi ungathi staterooms zikanokusho kunazo zasebukhosini. Trezzini wakwazi bona umbono idwala uPetru - i nenshisekelo amandla ukuphakama umoya.

Vasilevsky isiqhingi

Ukuhlela ukwakheka Domenico Trezzini ngo-1715 kudala uhlelo yokwakha evamile ye Vasilevsky Island. Iningi izakhiwo ku yayo amaphrojekthi engakaze walondoloza, kodwa isimiso izinsalela okufanayo yokuhlela. UPetru wayefuna ukubeka esiqhingini ngekota zokuphatha zikahulumeni yayo entsha, futhi yayala Trezzini ulungiselela kuleli gumbi. Namuhla, isakhiwo Amakolishi Nambili, elaklanywa Trezzini, eyisibonelo baraque kaPetru, le sikakhokho okwakunzima umakhi Russian Uzalo Swiss-isiNtaliyane. Futhi ku lowo msebenzi wakhe wokwakha esiqhingini yayakhiwe Gostiny Dvor, hhayi wakufeza izinsuku zethu.

indlu siqu

UPetru watshela umakhi ukwakha indlu itshe lokuqala ophilayo futhi ukuphila kuwo "isibonelo." Lesi sakhiwo wawusempumalanga yashayisa unqenqema ka Vasilyevsky Isiqhingi futhi waba "isibonelo project", okuyiwona imodeli kwenziwa abaningi kweminyaka Petersburg ukwakhiwa. Kuyinto isibonelo le Petrine Baroque, esibonakala by uhlelo njalo, rationality, ugunyaza-inhlanganisela izingxenye oluxube Baroque, ngesizotha nangokuhluzeka laconic umhlobiso Ingaphandle zezakhiwo. kamuva endlini kwavele kabusha ezincane, kodwa namuhla jewel University Embankment.

Buildings Petersburg

Domenico Trezzini Petersburg eyakhelwe izakhiwo eziningana, ezinye zazo akazange aphile isikhathi eside kuze kube namuhla. Kodwa ungabona ebubanzini ithalente wezakhiwo emboniselweni, nokuhlela Vasilyevsky Isiqhingi futhi ikakhulukazi ukuvakasha bayo, Summer Isigodlo uPetru I Summer Garden, eyinkimbinkimbi we-Alexander saseNevsky Lavra. Ngo 1726 waqala ukutadisha ukunwetshwa Sasebusika koMbusi UPitrosi Winter Canal, ezakhiwe yesibili wokwakha isigodlo. Trezzini uyabandakanyeka okuklama nokwakhiwa kwaleli Galley Harbor.

Ithonya Lako Trezini izakhiwo Russian

On ukuthuthukiswa Russian ezisemadolobheni kakhulu ukuthonywa eziningi abaklami angaphandle kuhlanganise Domenico Trezzini. Izikhangibavakashi Petersburg kakhulu ithole ukubukeka kwayo sibonga imibono yakhe. Waqala ukwakha kakhulu enhlabathini Russian isiko European. Yiqiniso, watadisha izimiso bokwakha isiRashiya, kodwa okuningi siguqulwe yabo. Futhi namhlanje lokho Petersburg ubukeka njengoba baseYurophu, kungenxa yokungabikho Trezzini. Wabuye wenyusa oluvelele wezakhiwo Russian M. Zemtsov abenza eningi sokuthuthukiswa izakhiwo kazwelonke kanye ukubukeka Petersburg.

yobumfihlo

Trezzini wayeshadile kathathu. Okokuqala washada okwengeziwe endleleni esuka Venice eSwitzerland. Esikhathini umshado wayezele amadodakazi amathathu. Kodwa yakhe umfazi okungukuthi eRussia andla. On the yesibili unkosikazi wezakhiwo okungukuthi akaziwa, kodwa lo mshado waba eside elindelwe indodana Peter (Pietro), ogama ibhapathizwa waba umbusi, uPeter Omkhulu. kamuva Pietro babe wamapulani futhi Uyosebenza eRussia, nge M. Zemtsov. Umshado lwesithathu kwaba isikhathi eside futhi okungcono umakhi. Maria Carlotta - ngomfazi Domenico Trezzini, owayehlala naye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, wabeletha indodakazi umakhi namadodana amane.

Legacy kanye inkumbulo

Kuze kube namuhla ngasinda 16 izakhiwo Domenico Trezzini Petersburg, kodwa igalelo lakhe main - layout Vasilyevsky Isiqhingi futhi ukwakheka Northern dolobha ukubukeka. Kodwa abaseRussia awazange siyabonga kakhulu, futhi igama umakhi uye abanokuhlangenwe nakho abaningana amagagasi lokulibala. Eyokuqala okwenzeka ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kwaqhubeka cishe iminyaka engu-100. Mayelana amkhumbule lapho baqala ukubuyisela ezinye umlando Petersburg izakhiwo. Abese ekhohlwa yiso futhi iminyaka engu-30. Unentshiseko isithakazelo kuyo kuvela ngokuqondene ukudalwa yezindaba zemihla Russian Art. Nalapha futhi, igama lakhe uya lwanyamalala ngokuphelele iminyaka engamashumi amane. Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili ke uya zikhunjulwe, ukutadisha isitayela sakhe imiklamo. Namuhla igama liqoshwe Trezzini kuzo zonke izincwadi kwesakhiwo Russian. Nakuba namanje iningi labantu e-Russia waphinda iqala ukukhumbula igama lakhe. Ngokusobala, ukulungisa le nkinga yokungabi nabulungisa, ezincwadini zezikole izibalo kube nenkinga lapho uPetru Lopushin futhi Domenico Trezzini esitolo. Ngakho, ngokusobala, inkinga isixazululekile ukukhiqiza inzalo isizukulwane esisha emlandweni we ngezwe nangamasiko. Naphezu kokufaneleka sobala wezakhiwo, eRussia usenayo igama lakhe singasho neze igama yimuphi umgwaqo noma indawo, noma ngisho Lane. Nakuba ekhaya eSwitzerland, lapho buphele kuphela 17 edlule, encwadini yakhe udumo, uma sibala ezinkulu edolobheni onguthelawayeka. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba khona umbono ukumisa isikhumbuzo Domenico Trezzini Petersburg. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-2014 eSt, ekugcineni, kwakukhona itshe lesikhumbuzo behlonipha umakhi ovelele. Trezzini okudaliwe namuhla yohlelo saziso ekuhloleni izakhiwo isiRashiya, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo ukubukeka Petersburg Russia kwakuyoba ezahlukene.