I-Pleonasm ne-tautology: izibonelo zamaphutha nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwamagama afanayo

Ukungaqapheli kwemithetho yokuhambisana kwe-lexical ne-synactic kuvame ukuholela emaphutha okukhuluma. Kulolu chungechunge, abambalwa abahluke eceleni yi-pleonasm kanye ne-tautology.

Izibonelo zamaphutha okukhuluma ngamavamisa zihlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kokuqonda ama-semantics nokuhlanganiswa kwama-stylistic wamagama athile. Okokuqala, kuhloswe ngama-paronyms kanye nama-pair of verbs. Amazwi amabili anomsindo ofanayo avame ukuhlukaniswa omunye nomunye nge-shades yencazelo ye-lexical nesitayela sokusebenzisana. Ukubaluleka kokuhlukanisa amafomu anjalo ukudluliswa kwencazelo kuhle. Yingakho i-State Unified Exam in Russian ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi ehlola ulwazi lwezinto eziyisisekelo zokusetshenziswa kwegama nokuhambisana kwazo.

Zombili amagama - pleonasm kanye ne-tautology - iveza lokho okuthiwa ngokweqile kwamagama, kodwa le migomo ayikude kakhulu.

I-Tautology ingenye yezinhlobo ze-pleonasm. Ngaphansi kwe-pleonasm kusho ukusetshenzwa kwamagama enencazelo efanayo ngaphakathi kweyunithi eyodwa yokuxhumana:

• Okubaluleke kakhulu kokucabanga kubangelwa ukucatshangelwa kombhalo.
• Umuntu uvame ukulala amahora ayisishiyagalombili .
• Abasebenzi bayothola umklomelo ngoDisemba .

Icala elibi kakhulu le-pleonasm ukusetshenziswa kwamagama kungekude nje okushoyo, kodwa futhi nangomsuka ofanayo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyi-tautology, izibonelo zazo ezitholakala ezinkolweni eziningi ezihlokweni zesikole kanye nokuveza, kanye nasenkulumweni yabantu abangafundile:

• Ukubuya esivela ku-cinema, sasisemvula enkulu .
• Ayikho umehluko ophawulekayo ekuziphatheni kokuqala kwezinkolo zezwe.
• Ngesikhathi kusihlwa, umlandeli wasitshela izindaba ezehlukene ezivela empilweni yakhe.

Kodwa ulimi luyimvelo ephilayo, ekhulayo, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukugcina ngaphakathi kweqoqo lezinhlelo nemithetho. Ngezinye izikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwamazwi anesihlobo se-semantic kulungile ngokuphelele. Izibonelo ze-tautology zalolu hlobo azikhiqizi, futhi i-pleonastic, empeleni, izinkulumo, ezigxilwe ngolimi futhi ziba normative, zikhona eziningi:

• Ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-elevator kwadingeka ukuba wehle ezitebhisini.
• I-porcelain vase evela eChina yaba umbukiso obaluleke kunawo wonke wombukiso .
• Ngenxa yezidakamizwa zabantu , uhlelo lwezinkampani eziningi luyisici .

Ngezinye izikhathi amapayipi kanye ne-tautology asetshenziswa abalobi njengendlela yokuveza ubuciko .

Endabeni ka-Anton Chekhov "Unter Prishibeev" esiyifunayo: "... isidumbu somgodi womuntu ofile ... ". Umlobi usebenzisa lolu hlobo lokunyakaza okuhamba ngezinyawo ukudala umphumela wamahlaya. I-aphorism edumile kaNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol iqukethe i-tautology: " Ngizohleka ngokuhleka kwami okubabayo ".

Emculweni womlomo kukhona ne-tautology. Izibonelo zokuphindaphindiwe ngokucacile zingabonakala ezinkulumweni zaseRussia, izaga namazwi: "usizi olubuhlungu", "inganekwane", "alale phansi", "uhlale phansi" nokunye okunye.

Njengoba sibona, indima ye-pleonasm nezinhlobonhlobo zayo - i-tautology - iyingqayizivele ngesiRashiya. Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, okuyiqiniso, akufanelekile esimweni esijwayelekile senkulumo futhi kubhekwa njengephutha elibi lokukhuluma. Kodwa ukusebenzisa okuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kwamazwi afanayo namagama ayingqayizivele njengedivayisi yesitayela kumbhalo wobuciko uyamukeleka ngokuphelele.