Ezokuthutha Maritime. Ukwahlukaniswa imikhumbi

Ulwandle besilokhu isici eladonsa lenqwaba izivakashi. Nokho, kwamanzi kumuntu kuphela ukuzilibazisa, kodwa futhi ube yindawo ukukhiqizwa kokudla futhi amaminerali kanye isikhala esetshenziswa ukuthutha izimpahla. Lokho ezokuthutha ulwandle ithandwa kakhulu ukulethwa kwezimpahla ezinkulu kusukela kwelinye izwe. Lolu hlelo kuhlanganisa:

- izitsha zasolwandle;

- nezimbobo;

- izitshalo ukuze ukulungisa imithambo;

- yezindlela zasolwandle.

Inkantolo oluthathwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno eziningi. Ngakho, ngesisekelo kwehlukana kungenziwa endaweni, lapho uya ezokuthutha zasolwandle ukubeka, isigaba se-enamathiselwe motor, umthamo, endaweni oya nokunye. D. Uma sithatha ngesisekelo izwi lesibonakaliso sokuqala, bese inkantolo lihlukaniswe by izifunda uyasuka 0 kuya 4 grade. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imikhumbi, okuqondene bawubheke, ihlukaniswe 5 izigaba. Lena yindlela Russia uhlukanise yezokuthutha zasolwandle. Ihamba, okuqondene navigation endaweni grade 0-th, unelungelo ukuya kuphi ngaphandle kwezihibe.

Njengoba okuhloswe ulwandle ezokuthutha ingasetshenziswa kokubili ezivamile in umbono womphakathi. I last idijithi imikhumbi nezinhlobonhlobo zazo ayingxenye Navy yezwe. Kulesi sigaba imithambo ezisetshenziswa umphakathi kuhlanganisa:

a) zezimboni;

b) yezokuthutha;

c) Iviyo lobuchwepheshe.

Uhlobo lwesibili futhi eqoqwe zenyathi eziningana, okuyilezi: umgibeli, wezimpahla ekhethekile. Nokuhlanganiswa imikhakha lokuqala nelesibili emenza omunye, wesine, buka - imikhumbi yezimpahla. Le mikhumbi Unelungelo ukuqoqa ebhodini futhi zaba namandla, futhi abantu ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Passenger ulwandle ezokuthutha uyisa abantu kuphela ngomqondo ongokomthetho kusho ngokwayo imikhumbi, izikebhe kanye nemikhumbi, okuyinto, ngaphezu crew, kungathatha ebhodini ezingaphezu kuka-12.

Cargo imikhumbi zihlukaniswe ngobuningi kanye wezimpahla owomile. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa emathangini avuzayo kanye negesi zenethiwekhi. wezimpahla izimoto Dry umahluko ku jikelele-njongo nezitsha ezikhethekile. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama ezokuthutha zasolwandle njengoba ugodo zenethiwekhi, abathwali ngobuningi, reefers, esitsheni futhi ro-ro. Lesi sigaba emhlabeni wonke ezivamile. Ngenxa ukuthutha izimpahla ezomile masinya eyenziwa ukulethwa impahla emikhunjini ehlukahlukene, ikakhulu ezinkulu-usayizi kanye tonnage. Ngaphandle ethutha ngale ndlela ukuthi akukhona kuphela eshibhile, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi indlela ngenzeka kuphela. Lezi zitsha anemisila yonke kwetimphawu letidzingekako ukwenza kokubili yokulayisha athula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla, imikhiqizo kanye izinto ezidinga imibandela ekhethekile lokushisa, ezomile wezimpahla imikhumbi ifakwe (ikakhulukazi) esiqandisini lisiphatheleni. Cargo zithutha yezimoto kungakhawulwa ezipakishiwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: amabhele, iziqukathi, amabhokisi, imiphongolo, njll ...

ezokuthutha Maritime ihlukaniswe yaba izwe imithambo injongo yomphakathi, commercial, umgibeli nokudoba izitsha, ugu kanye naphesheya kwezilwandle.