Izilimi zolimi

Izingcweti zekhompyutha zihamba kancane kancane. Lesi siphetho sihambisana nophenyo olungaphumeleli emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yolwazi "olunengqondo", eqhutshwa phakathi nekhulu leminyaka. Sibheka ngokuhunyushwa okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzekelayo noma ukucinga ulwazi ngokusho kwenqolobane yamadokhumenti ngolimi oluthile.

Ngokwalo, ukusetshenzwa kwanoma yimiphi imibhalo kungenziwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhulu kakhulu bezinlimi ezikwazi ukuhlaziya ulwazi ezingeni lokuqonda incazelo eyisisekelo njengomuntu ovamile.

Izilimi zolimi lwekhompyutha kanye ne-cybernetics, ngeshwa, ayikwazanga ukusungula ukuhumusha komshini ophelele noma ukudala uhlelo lwezingxoxo "oluhlakaniphile". Intuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ifake konke endaweni yayo. Futhi ososayensi abasebenza ngaleso sikhathi bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi isisombululo senkinga "yokucabanga komshini" singenziwa kuphela ngokuqonda ngokugcwele inqubo yomsebenzi wokuqonda kwemvelo. Futhi kuphela kulokhu, abacwaningi bazokwazi ukuhambisana nazo zonke izinqubo zokucubungula ekusebenziseni i-computer algorithmization. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucubungula okuzenzakalelayo kolwazi kuzothatha isethulo esisha sokucabanga kwabantu.

Ekuqondeni kwanoma yisiphi isigijimi abantu abaqhathanisi ulwazi olutholiwe ngamamodeli nemiqondo yokuziphatha kwezithombe ezisememori. Ngomfanekiso ngamunye owamukelwe, umuntu enkumbulweni uthola inhlanganisela kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, futhi kuphela lapho, ngokuphinda ucabangisise kabusha umbhalo, uqala ukucacisa nokulungisa ulwazi olutholiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokhu okushiwo ngaphambili, izilimi zekhompyutha zihlose ukusungula ukuxhumana okuqondile kwezincazelo zamagama, ngenkathi uzama ukunqoba umbuzo onenkinga we-toolkit enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ngendlela yamazwi ahlukile kunoma yiluphi ulimi. Yilokhu okuhlukanisa lo mqondo esenzweni sokucabanga kwabantu. Kunombono wokuthi umuntu uqonda umbhalo noma inkulumo hhayi ngezindleko ezikhethekile zemithwalo yokuziphatha noma ukusungulwa kwe-syntax emkhatsini wamazwi, kodwa ngokusebenzisa izingqinamba zokuqala zokuxhumana ukwakha isithombe semininingwane eqondwe ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe kwayo kwangaphakathi.

Ngokusebenzisana eduze nekhompiyutha, izilimi zethematics zisetshenziswe, okuyisiyalo esithintekayo ekuthuthukiseni izixhobo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni ekuchazeni izilimi ezenzakalelayo nezokwemvelo. Le ndaba yokutadisha yavela ngekhulu le-20 leminyaka ngenhloso yokucacisa imiqondo eyisisekelo yezilimi. Isisekelo sabekwa ngezindlela eziyisisekelo nemibono ye-algebra kanye nezinhlelo zezibalo. Vala ukuxhumana nezilimi zalesi siyalo kuqinisekiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwezixhobo zezibalo ngezifundo zezilimi.

Ngokokuqala ngqa incazelo yemathemikhali yolimi yaqiniswa yiF F. de Saussure, owathumela ulimi njengendlela esebenza emsebenzini wokukhuluma ngokusebenzisa abathwali bayo. Ngenxa yalomsebenzi, okuthiwa "amathekisthi alungile" angatholakala, emele ukulandelana kwezinyunithi zokukhuluma futhi ahambisana nemithetho ejwayelekile engachazwa esebenzisa izinkulumo zezibalo.

Enye yezingxenye zesakhiwo sezilimi zezibalo yimiqondo yezigrama zomthetho, ezakhiwe nguN. Chomsky. Le ncazelo ivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukuchaza amaphethini angafani nawo wonke umbhalo ngabanye, kodwa isethi ephelele yamathekisthi afanele. Kulesi sigaba, izilimi zekhompyutha zingasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, ezingakha uhlobo oluthile olubizwa ngokuthi "uhlelo olusemthethweni", oluzovumela ukusebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile yokwenza imibhalo efanele yolimi olufundwayo kanye nencazelo yesakhiwo sayo.