I Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi: izizathu zenkolo nezombangazwe

I Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi - the empini yokuqala likhungethwe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwathatha amaqembu amabili ezinkulu iqhaza: Habsburg iyunithi (Austro-German neSpanishi abakwaHabsburg, le ubukhulu Catholic eJalimane, ePoland) kanye anti-Habsburg sokusebenzisana (eDenmark, eSweden, eFrance, uMkhandlu ubukhulu zobuProthestani eJalimane, eNgilandi, eHolland, Russia). Ukuthunyelwa we izingxabano nomthelela kokubili izizathu zenkolo nezombangazwe.

yezizathu ezingokwenkolo

"Impi izinkolo" - yigama yesibili emikhulu empini, okwaqala ngo-1618 kuya ku-1648. Ngempela, iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu 'kwaba yinkathi esibi kakhulu udweshu phakathi kwamaKatolika namaProthestani ekhulwini le-17. Abantu abaningi bathatha izikhali ukusungula kwekubuswa "izinkolelo". On the Ukufakwa kwenkolo kwezemidlalo impi futhi ukhombise amagama imifelandawonye alwayo. Ikakhulu, i-YamaProthestani labaVangeli inyunyana wadala (1608), namaKatolika - Catholic League (1609).

Amandla ubuhlobo kwamaProthestani namaKatolika Yenzeka e 1617 eCzech Republic ezamenyezelwa King of Styria uFerdinand, futhi owayengumphathi indlalifa lonke Engcwele uMbuso WaseRoma. Wayengumuntu umKatolika futhi awuzange uzowuthatha izithakazelo amaProthestani. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile e nezinqubomgomo zayo. Ngakho, amaKatolika, waze wanikela ngamalungelo ahlukahlukene kanye namalungelo amaProthestani kakhulu kungagcini. okuthunyelwe uhulumeni Key elalihlala amaKatolika namaProthestani, kunalokho, ashushiswa. It babebeke kuvinjelwe ekukhishweni YamaProthestani yokukhulekela. Ngenxa yobudlova ababhikishi waya ukuba kuhlanganwe namaKatolika. izibhelu sezenkolo futhi sekuyinsakavukela.

Konke okungenhla kuholele ukuvukelwa abantu ePrague YamaProthestani Meyi 23, 1618. Khona-ke kwaba khona "The Second Defenestration lasePrague": izihlubuki YamaProthestani waxosha of amafasitela omunye izinqaba of ePrague Habsburg izikhulu. Kwakamuva ngasinda kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ewele umquba. Kamuva, iSonto LamaKatolika kuchaza yena oyinkosi yokusindiswa kwabo esebenzisa izingelosi. Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo ibutho Katolika wathutha abavukeli. Ngakho waqala Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi.

yizizathu zezombangazwe

Kodwa izimbangela Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi hhayi kuphela ezihlobene inkolo. Imvelo zombusazwe ukungqubuzana ukuvela ngokucacile in the izinkathi okwalandela empi (Swedish, isiDanishi, isiDashi, isiFulentshi futhi Swedish). Sisho kwaba ukulwa hegemony ka abakwaHabsburg. Ngokwesibonelo, Denmark nase-Sweden, leli thimba lalimelela izithakazelo amaProtestani, babeyothola kwabaholi bezombangazwe eYurophu Ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mazwe waphila ukuqeda izimbangi phezu imizila ulwandle enyakatho.

I Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi nomthelela wukwehlukana wonke uMbuso Habsburg, ngakho ngisho yamaKatolika France abe esehlanganyela naye amaProthestani. Kugcine wesabe oluqinisayo ngokweqile of the Empire, futhi kwadingeka izimangalo sendawo Southern Netherlands, Alsace, Lorraine, futhi enyakatho ye-Italy. England futhi wahlushwa abakwaHabsburg lapho waya olwandle. I Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi, izizathu okuyinto walala inkolo, ngokushesha yaphenduka kwezinye zezimpi ngobukhulu European zezombusazwe.