Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich: Biography emfushane

Ngezinye izikhathi indaba ezingenabulungisa ukuba abantu abaye bashiya uphawu abalulekile kulo, futhi ngiyobaduduza ngibenze credit abanye. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi ubeka konke endaweni yayo futhi ivumela bahlole izenzakalo ezidlule. Omunye kulaba bantu, ogama feat ukuthi bengahlonishwa bangesikhathi, kuyinto hero of the Battle of Chesma - egcwele Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila ezihlinzekwa abafundi lesi sihloko.

midshipman Spiridov

Evelele Russian umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich wazalwa ngo-January 31, 1713 in umndeni Usigaxamabhande ka Vyborg - idolobha reconquered kusukela abaseSweden ngu-Peter mina phakathi neMpi Northern. Emva kokuthola imfundo ekhaya, buyafaneleka le wohlanga olukhulu abasha, wazicelela Navy. Kakade eneminyaka engu-nanhlanu, ngempumelelo ukuthatha Luhlolo wesayensi olwandle, yena uthola isihloko sakhe sokuqala - a midshipman.

Ngalowo nyaka kusuka Petersburg kuze iCaspian iqembu amatilosi abasha ibibhekiswe, phakathi kwabo ukudlula duty asebenzayo futhi wakhonza Spiridov. UGregory, weza iphansi kwesandla sika-i umlawuli abanolwazi yemikhumbi yempi hydrograph Alekseya Nagaeva, kakhulu ngempumelelo kahle ukuhlakanipha isayensi asolwandle. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waphathiswa imithwalo umyalo amabili gekbotami - enezinsika ezintathu mikhumbi kaseyili i ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla kanye kokwehla. Ngaleyo minyaka, beya Spiridova imizila wagijima ezivela e-Astrakhan ukuze yasePheresiya.

Izikhungo oLwandle iBaltic

Ngo-1732, itilosi abasha ethembisa idluliselwe Kronstadt, lapho wathola isikhundla midshipman ekuseni, usaqhubeka ekhonza ku imikhumbi Baltic Fleet futhi wempi abamiselwe ukuthobisa Vice-Admiral uPetru Bredahl iminyaka eyisithupha. Kuyinto eduze oluvelele umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle waya uqeqesho combat yangempela Spiridov. Gregory A., ogama biography kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa le umlando ngoxhaxha Russian kuleyo minyaka, ubephelezelwa Iphini Umkhuzi owayekulelo qembu ayehamba nalo Azov ngokumelene imikhumbi-Turkish futhi njengengxenye Don weqembu lemikhumbi iqhaza kuzo zonke izimpi.

Ngemva kwalokho, umlando wakhe is agcwaliswa iminyaka emithathu wachitha eNorth yeRussia, Arkhangelsk, lapho umkhumbi wempi esanda eyakhelwe Spiridov kwenza inguquko echwebeni lube yisikhumbuzo kuye Kronstadt. Lapha, eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, wayala hhayi kuphela imizila yezohwebo liner, kodwa futhi - okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu i-career esizayo - yezikebhe enkantolo. Lokhu kukunika ithuba ukuzitholela udumo phakathi umyalo Baltic Fleet, futhi okubaluleke - kumibuthano eliphakeme yezikhulu.

Umphumela Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside ukufika, futhi ngo 1754 iyunifomu yakhe ehlotshiswe timphawu bombusi ngabesithathu. Kulesi isikhundla Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich iba yilungu le khomishana isimo, okuyinto ukuthuthukisa Charter entsha Navy waphathiswa. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, wamiswa uMphathi Naval Gentry ubusosha Corps, lapho izinga inkampani umkhuzi Spiridov silungiselela Admirals zakusasa Russian.

Ukuhlanganyela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Ayisikhombisa '

Iminyaka neMpi Iminyaka eyisikhombisa ', inhlangano lapho, kanye eziningi imibuso emikhulu yezwe futhi baba Russia, uGregory A. wachitha in the Baltic Fleet kokwenza combat ohambweni, ngesikhathi lapho uqondiswa imisebenzi evela ogwini Sweden, eDanzig, Copenhagen futhi Stralzunda. Lapho, ngo-1761, uJenene uPyotr Rumyantsev, avimbezela inqaba Kolberg (nsimu Polish), kwathatha ukusekelwa, kuba Spiridov emikhunjini kwawo kwamlethela ngamabutho ayizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Enyukele sobukhosi 1762, abasha Umbusikazi uCatherine II baziswa, uquketheni lowo "isikhulu ngokwethembeka futhi benesibindi" (wathi ngakho, Jikelele Rumyantsev), kanye Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich ukhushuliwe Umkhuzi ezingemuva ukumiswa kwakhe ukuba abe umholi we isigaba ka Revel. Kwaba nesikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu. Imisebenzi Umkhuzi esanda kwenziwa kwaba ukuqinisekisa ukulondeka Baltic ulwandle nezokuxhumana. Ekuphetheni iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Ayisikhombisa ', okwesikhathi esithile uye akhonze njengephayona Eyinhloko Kronstadt futhi Revel izimbobo, bese iba webutho aseBaltic Fleet, lapho kanye waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoba midshipman.

Lapho sifuna inkazimulo

Kodwa iningi wabonakaliswa ngokucacile ngokwayo ezimpini impi Spiridov Russian-Turkish, okwaqala ngo-1768 futhi yathatha iminyaka eyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi wakhushulelwa Umkhuzi, Order of St Alexander saseNevsky futhi waqokwa umkhuzi bomkhankaso lempi lasolwandle ukuba bazithobe ezihlasela lezi ziqhingi njalo ngesiGreki. Kusukela Moorings Kronstadt isigaba wamuka ngoJulayi 1769, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha safinyelela enhlonhlweni kolwandle e engxenyeni eseningizimu aseBalkan, lapho, ngokuhambisana nepulani umkhankaso, sahlanganyela nesigaba imikhumbi bomkhankaso yesibili, eholwa Admiral John Elphinstone.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ababegibele iwuhlelo rose efikile kusukela Livorno-e-abakhulu, Jikelele Bala Alexei Orlov, wathumela uMbusikazi uCatherine II ukuze umyalo wonke amabutho asolwandle yeRussia, etholakala oLwandle iMedithera. Ngesikhathi amaphoyisa efika kwakhe baqala imisebenzi yezempi asebenzayo, ngenxa okuyinto bathunjwa ngedolobha Arcadia futhi Mistra, kanye lezisekelo lempi, elise Navarino futhi Itilone. Ukuze aphebeze lokho imikhumbi Russian uMbuso WaseTurkey waphoqeleka ukuba ukudonsa kule ndawo ibutho elikhulu.

Winning impi saseChios

Impi yokuqala enkulu nge ngoxhaxha Turkish emkhankasweni iphutha: 24 Juni 1770 futhi yaqanjwa Chios impi. I kuye Eagles amandla ngokugcwele wamnikela Spiridova, okwathi nakuba ukungayithandi siqu, ayazise njengenhlangano umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle abanolwazi. Ngokusho ofakazi, UGrigory isicelo kule mpi omusha amacebo inkathi ka izimpi zasolwandle, ngokuthumela yaphenduka amaphikankani emikhunjini yabo nge-engela ilungelo iketango lwemikhumbi isitha bese uqale nge short ibanga kuhlaselwa isikhungo sakhe. isinqumo esinjalo kuhilelani wemfanelo omkhulu, okuyinto akesabi ukuthatha Spiridov.

Gregory A. ngesikhathi impi yayingaphambi emkhunjini, "Eustace" futhi Kwase kusele kancane sokufa uma olwaqubuka ngawo egibela ukulwa ne iwuhlelo Turkish "Real-Mustapha". Bobabili mikhumbi Ngishoné, futhi kuphela sibonga nje kwaqondana Admiral ngasinda futhi ithole ngokuphepha abagibele frigate "Three hierarchies". Kulesi impi ukunqoba kwaba ohlangothini ngoxhaxha isiRashiya, njengoba kuqhathaniswa cishe kabili nje umphikisi wakhe.

Finest ihora Admiral

Kodwa namanje ukuba eze kwaba impi esemqoka, iwine Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Chesma impi ezenzeka ngobusuku 24 ngoJuni 25, 1770, kwaba ngempela ihora lakhe ayetholakala. Umkhuzi isigaba Russian of Ukubala Orlov, lazo zonke izimo zawo elingenakuphikwa isikhulu sikahulumeni kanye nomholi wezempi, babengenalo ulwazi ngokuziphatha izimpi zasolwandle. Futhi nakuba kamuva kwaba waya inkazimulo winner Battle of Chesma, ubuholi yangempela ke waphathiswa Spiridova.

Ngenxa aqondisa yemikhumbi-Turkish wayethethelela cishe ayisa Chesma bay futhi waba nesikhundla disadvantageous kakhulu bona. Ngokusho undunankulu plan, ngesikhathi esifanayo abaseTurkey waba ngaphansi ezingontuluntulu futhi umlilo-imikhumbi bahlaselwa - izikebhe ezincane iziqhumane guided ekufezeni isitha, e ukungqubuzana lapho qhumisa. ithimba labo, peresevshaya kusengaphambili ngesikebhe, wayekhethwe kwamanye amakhotho.

Leli qhinga avunyelwe abaseRussia umlilo bese uthumela phansi ingxenye enkulu imikhumbi-Turkish, ngemva kwalokho uMbuso WaseTurkey isikhathi eside balahlekelwa amandla ayo ulwandle. Izibalo umxhwele ukulahlekelwa isilinganiso incurred kule mpi amaqembu ukuba nobutha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amatilosi nanye wafa phakathi abaseRussia, kuyilapho inani labantu okufanele-Turks efile futhi elimele zaba abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanye. Ngamafuphi - 1 ku-1000.

inkazimulo intshontshiwe

Lena ngempela yalokho esiyingqayizivele emlandweni zasolwandle nje kuphela kodwa futhi umhlaba izimpi. Ngalolo suku, kanye nalo lonke isigaba Russian anqoba umkhuzi walo - Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Photo imidwebo ngu Aivazovsky, abhalwe 1848 futhi ubonisa saleli impi ziyaphawuleka, okwethulwa ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko.

Yokudumisa nokunqoba okukhazimulayo, noma, njengoba bathi: "Victoria", uCatherine II ngaphambilini sokuzakhela isonto (isithombe yayo kungabonakala nakulokho esihlokweni) kanye ikholomu esiyisikhumbuzo. Sam Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, ogama kokufaneleka babe elingenakuphikwa, wanikwa isigamu nje Order of St Andrew. share sengonyama of udumo nenkazimulo wahamba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, intandokazi Catherine - Bala Orlov.

Izikhungo ku-Aegean Sea

Iminyaka emithathu eyalandela wachitha endaweni Admiral eziqhingi ngesiGreki, kwakheka isisekelo yemikhumbi Russian esiqhingini Paros futhi ukusuka lapho ukulawula ingxenye enkulu ukuxhumana e-Aegean Sea. Bona wavinjwa cishe ngokuphelele ukulethwa kwezikhali kanye sokudla waseGreece eConstantinople, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-iDardanelles awenziwanga. Ngo-1772 Spiridov uxhumana phansi amabutho, wenza eziningi yimpumelelo imisebenzi yalwa ugu nezinqaba Turkish, ukufinyelela emikhankasweni lakhe neSiriya.

namaqhawe ukhohlwe

Ngo 1773, wadumisa u-Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, Biography iDemo owawungumnyaka ngesisekelo lesi sihloko, ethunyelwe Petersburg incwadi yakhe yokusula emsebenzini. Wayengumuntu ayisithupha kuphela, kodwa embikweni wakhe waqalisela Ukuwohloka impilo. I real isizathu ukwenqena ukuqhubeka wokuphila inkonzo ukholelwa ukuthi icala ngenxa yalokhu kunqoba e Battle of Chesma neyaseNtshonalanga hhayi kuye kodwa intandokazi uCatherine II - Bala Orlov, umninikhaya ngesikhathi sempi iqhaza yokwenziwa kuphela, kodwa ongene umlando Russia njengoba uhlamvu zako ezisemqoka.

Life ibhalansi Admiral wachitha esigodini sakubo ongowokuzalwa Highland Pereslavl wesifunda, nalapho afike ashonela khona ngo-April 19, 1790. Ukufa kwakhe waya waphawuleka Russia, sekuyisikhathi eside wangena wokubusa ezintsha futhi asetshenziswa nezinye izinkinga. Uhambo lokugcina ahlonishwe umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle wabona off abantu egcekeni, omunye umuntu - umngane wakhe, ngendlela efanayo kuye, hero ukhohliwe of the Battle of Chesma - Admiral UStepan Petrovich Hmetevsky.