1 Nicholas kabusha

Ukubusa Nicholas 1 waqala nokucindezela kwavukelwa we Decembrists ngo-1825, ku-14 Disemba. Kokubusa saphela phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea, esikhathini ukuvikela Sevastopol ngo-1855, ngo-February.

Kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni uMykola 1 wafuna ukumisa komsebenzi esiphezulu, enika isakhiwo "bakwazi nokuzwana."

Njengoba kuqala, inkosi yasibona inhlanekela nokuqinisa womnyango wamaphoyisa bureaucratic. 1 Nicholas izinguquko kule ndawo kwakukhona ukulwa ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, ukuqinisa oda autocratic. Ukubulawa labo imibono Inkosi yayibone in ukuqaliswa esingaguquguquki militarization, yinye futhi bureaucratization. Izinguquko Nicholas 1, ngamafuphi, waba nesandla ekwakhiweni uhlelo eyinkimbinkimbi esibanzi isimo kokungenela empilweni zabantu, izigaba zezomnotho emphakathini nakwezombangazwe yezwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo inkosi yafuna ukulawula siqu phezu zonke izinhlobo yokuphathwa komphakathi, kanye ukugxilisa ingqondo ezandleni zabo izixazululo kanye nezindaba zangasese, kanye nomphakathi, ngaphandle ukubandakanywa esibanjiwe neminyango efaneleyo kanye nomsebenzi wokushumayela. Kule ndaba, sidale eziningi ikhomishini imfihlo kanye namakomidi ukuthi ngokuqondile iphethwe yi- umbusi futhi ngokuvamile indawo enkonzweni.

Izinguquko Nicholas 1 abathintekayo ehhovisi. Inwebisa, kule nkampani kutshengisa ukuthi umbuso kwamandla monarchical.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukushicilelwa pyatnadtsatitomnogo "Ikhodi Imithetho" e 1832. umthetho Russian iye ngaphambilini, i-absolutism yezwe babuqinile kakhudlwana futhi ecacile nohlaka lomthetho futhi zokulawula. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kulandelwe noma yiziphi izinguquko noma isakhiwo sezombusazwe noma sezenhlalo Russia amakhosi asendulo.

Nicholas wathinta kabusha 1 we Okwesithathu Yegatsha yeHhovisi ezisheshayo. Ngaphansi ukuphathwa wakhe, kwase kunesiqiniseko amabutho gendarmerie. Ngenxa yalokho, lonke izwe (ngaphandle eCaucasus esifundeni, Don Cossacks, Finland and Poland) lahlukaniswa laba abahlanu, bese izifunda eziyisishiyagalombili ngaphansi kokulawula ojenene gendarmerie.

Ngakho, Third Division kwaba ukubika kuKesari ku izinguquko kancane ezimweni zengqondo zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubalekela imithwalo yemfanelo yokuba ejensi kuhlanganisiwe kwamabhuku kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo yokuphathwa zendawo central, ukuthola enkohlakalo nangobudlova, abenzi bokubi babhekane nengalo yomthetho, nokunye.

Ingozi eyinhloko "ephikisayo" futhi "khulula-ukucabanga" walala emkhakheni ukunyathelisa futhi imfundo. Ngakho ngacabanga Nikolay 1. Izinguquko imfundo kwaqala ngo ummango beya sobukhosi senkosi. Umbusi babekholelwa ukuthi ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists kwakusuke kuwumphumela "Isimiso semfundo zamanga."

Ngakho, kwamukelwa iHlelo serfs emayunivesithi kanye nezikole lolimi uvinjelwe kusukela 1827. Ngo 1828, i- "Charter of the Izikole" esanyatheliswa, futhi ngo-1835 - "University Charter".

1 Nicholas kabusha kubonakala e ukucwaninga. Ngo 1828 imithetho emisha. Ngokuqinisekile sashintsha ngaphambilini yokutholwa, kodwa yayihlanganisa inqwaba ukulinganiselwa nemikhawulo. 1 Nicholas kubhekwe ukulwa journalism omunye imisebenzi esemqoka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwathi ukushicilelwa uvinjelwe womagazini eziningi.

Esikhathini ikota kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, eyathinteka umbuzo ongumlimi kuleli zwe. Nicholas 1 ngilunge isimo abahloniphekile bakuleli dolobhana. Kodwa-ke izinguquko bebelokhu impikiswano enkulu. kwezamabhizinisi Yiqiniso, ngakolunye uhlangothi uye wasekela, ingxenye elichumayo kwalesi sigodi. Nokho, nale umthwalo anda of izintela. Ngenxa yalokho, izinguquko emphakathini isimo emzaneni waphendula kuvukela mass.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kusukela 1839 wenziwa 1843 lwemali kabusha, okuholele ruble credit, owawungumnyaka lingana kuze fike ruble esiliva sivunyiwe. Lokhu ukuguqulwa uye waqinisa isakhiwo sezimali yezwe.

Eminyakeni yokugcina wokubusa ababephila ngesikhathi zombusi babizwa ngokuthi "omubi yokugubha usuku lwesikhombisa." Uhulumeni ngaleso sikhathi wathatha izinyathelo zokunqanda zokuxhumana kwabantu Russian naseNtshonalanga. Ukungena Russian abafokazi, kanye ozophuma kusuka Russian empeleni uvinjelwe (ngaphandle-ke sivunyiwe nguhulumeni central).