Umsebenzi wezesayensi weLomonosov

UMikhail V. Lomonosov ungumcwaningi omkhulu waseRussia owaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe evelele emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi.

Usosayensi omkhulu waseRussia

Le ndoda inenqwaba yezinto ezitholakalayo, kamuva ezithonya elikhulu ekwakheni uhlelo lwesayense. KwakunguLomonosov owaba yindoda eyathola ukuthi iplanethi yeVenus inomkhathi. Wayengowokuqala owaqala ukutadisha uhlobo lweglasi, ngaleyo ndlela wabeka sonke isayensi.

Usosayensi wazalwa ngo-1711 eMbusweni waseRussia, wafa ngo-1765 eMbusweni waseRussia. Waphila impilo encane, kodwa wakwazi ukushiya okuningi ngemuva kwakhe. Ubani owazi ukuthi kungakanani okwakungatholakala uma uMikhail Vasilyevich ehlala iminyaka eminengi.

Beka emlandweni

Yonke into etholakele kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwe futhi yabhalwa usosayensi waseRussia ibaluleke kakhulu. Le ndoda yayiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, eyamsiza ukuba aphumelele ngokufanayo emzimbeni nasezincwadini, nakuba lezi sayensi azikho into efana nayo. Izibalo eziningi ezinhle zathi zihloniphe uMikhail Vasilievich. Ngokwesibonelo, u- Euler odumile wezibalo wabhala emibhalweni yakhe ethi uLomonosov unesipho sokuphendula noma yimuphi umbuzo, kanye nokubuza umbuzo ongaphendula kuphela. Isazi sezibalo siye sabika ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi abantu abanjengoMikhail Vasilyevich basebenzisanga ubuhle besayensi kuphela, kodwa futhi badumisa isizwe sabo.

Esikhathini sikaLomonosov, izibalo zaseRussia zaziqalwa emhlabeni wesayense. Nokho, wakwazi ukushintsha konke. Imisebenzi kaLomonosov yaphoqa lonke izwe elifundiwe ukuba libheke neRussia.

Izinqubo zomlando waseRussia

Umsebenzi kaLomonosov emlandweni waseRussia waba yimpumelelo enkulu. Waba ngowokuqala owawuthatha isisekelo sokucwaninga impilo yabantu base-Russian Old. ULomonosov uchaze izikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni waseRussia. Ngokombono wakhe, kunezigaba eziyisithupha ezibalulekile ezithinta isimo.

UMikhail Vasilyevich waqala ukubeka umbono weSlavic-Chudskoy evela eRussia. Le mbono ayitholanga ngokushesha, kodwa emva kwesikhathi esithile esivumelwane nayo.

Usosayensi waseRussia uzobhala imisebenzi eminingi exhunywe ngqo nomlando waseRussia. Omunye odumile kakhulu uzoba "Umlando WaseRussia Wasendulo". Le ncwadi izothandwa hhayi kuphela lapha, kodwa futhi emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Kamuva kuzohunyushwa ngezilimi eziningana futhi iphinde iphinde ishicilelwe. Ngoba konke okwenzekile, uLomonosov uphumelele kukho konke. Isebenza emlandweni waseRussia njengamanje futhi emva kwamakhulu embalwa.

Imisebenzi yokufundisa

Imisebenzi kaLomonosov emkhakheni wokufundisa ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Zisekelwe ekunakekeleni komuntu. U-academician wasebenza isikhathi esithile njengomfundisi futhi wazama ukusebenzisa imibono yakhe ngokusebenza. Umgomo oyinhloko ukufundisa kahle abantu abasha. Wenze okuningi ekuqhubekeleni phambili ekufundiseni, emva kweminyaka eyishumi wathola izinzuzo ezikhethekile.

Usosayensi waphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ukuze afundise ingane into ethile, udinga indlela eyodwa. Wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi imfundo yazo zonke izigaba ibalulekile futhi ixhunyiwe. Usosayensi wancike emigomeni yobuntu, ubuzwe kanye nentando yeningi.

Wayehlale ephikelela ukuthi imfundo kufanele ifinyeleleke kubo bonke. Ufuna izikole eziningi zivuleke futhi zonke izingane zingakwazi ukufunda isayensi eyisisekelo.

UMikhail Vasilievich unomqondo wokwakha ihostela kubafundi bezemidlalo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kungaba khona ukuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe sokutadisha. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhiwo zokuzivocavoca zahlukaniswa zaba isiRashiya nesiLatini.

ULomonosov wanakeka kakhulu isayensi nemfundo. Imisebenzi yokufundisa ayisinikezi ukungabaza. Futhi imizamo yayingelona ize, imisebenzi yakhe kamuva yathathwa njengesizathu, bese isimiso sezemfundo saseRussia sakha ngokuvumelana nabo.

Izinqubo ngohlelo lolimi

UMikhail Vasilievich unomnikazi wencwadi ethi "I-Grammar yaseRussia", lapho izisekelo zolimi lwesiRussia zibeka khona. Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe emisebenzini yesayensi yeLomonosov ngohlelo lolimi. Ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wabalobi basendulo, kanye neminye imithetho evela kwamanye amazwe. ULomonosov wahlukanisa ulimi lwesiRussia neSlavonic yeSonto. Nakuba lezi zilimi zazifana, kodwa isikhathi esithile ziye zahluke ngokuphelele. Ngemva kwalokho, isiRussia saqala ukukhula ngokushesha.

I-academician yahlaziya amagama amaningi nemishwana futhi yenza ezinye iziphetho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni. Ngemva kokufunda ngokugcwele lolu limi, futhi kuvele "iRussia Grammar" edumile. Umphakathi wahlangana nale ncwadi ngentshiseko, futhi uLomonosov waba "owokuqala wesiRashiya". Esikhathini esizayo, izilimi eziningi zabhala izincwadi, zithembele ngokugcwele emibhalweni yakhe.

Izinkambiso emkhakheni we-philology

ULomonosov waqala ukufunda i-philology, efisa ukuphakamisa izinga lenkulumo yabantu. Wahlatshwa umxhwele lapho umuntu ekwazi ukusebenzisana ngokucophelela futhi akwazi ukwenza imiqondo yakhe futhi axoxe nabanye. Sekuyisikhathi eside uLomonosov eqoqa ulwazi oludingekile, ngesisekelo lapho ebhala khona incwadi ngokukhuluma kahle. Kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-Rhetoric. Yenza ngisho nabantu abangafundile babe nomqondo wokuthi kusho ukuthini ukukhuluma ngokucacile nangendlela efanele.

UMikhail Lomonosov uyindoda eyakha ulimi lolimi. Wayengowokuqala ukwenza lokhu, ngoba ngaphambi kwakhe isiRashiya sasingenasithakazelo kubaculi bezikhathi zalezo zikhathi. Uma i-academician engayifunde, mhlawumbe abantu basebenzise iSlavonic yeSonto ezindaweni eziningi iminyaka eminingi. Umsebenzi we-Lomonosov we-philological wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isiko lolimi.

Izinkambiso emkhakheni wezomnotho

UMikhail Lomonosov wakhulela emndenini lapho bebheka ukubuka impilo ngokucophelela. Ukubukeka okufanayo wabheka umnotho wezwe, owazinikele emisebenzini eminingi. Phakathi kwabo, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa amagama anjalo ezenzweni zesayensi yeLomonosov ezomnotho: "Ekukhiqizeni nasekulondolozeni abantu baseRashiya", "Ekulungiseni kwezolimo", "Ekulungiseni nasekukhiqizeni izandla zobuciko nobuciko", "Ekusetshenzisweni okuhle kwabathengisi", "Esimweni esihle kakhulu sezomnotho "," Kulondolozwe ubuciko bezempi ngesikhathi sokuthula isikhathi eside. "

I-Academician ibalulekile ukuthi umnotho wombuso wakhe uyini. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuze kube khona izwe elinamandla, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa imboni, okuyi-metallurgy.

Wabuye wakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kanye nezinye izindawo zomkhakha okwenza umnotho ube namandla nokuzimela.

Indawo ebalulekile emsebenzini wezomnotho weLomonosov yayinenkinga yenani labantu. Ukholelwa ukuthi umbuso uyoba namandla uma kunabantu abaningi abafunde kuwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqaphela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo inani elikhulu labantu lingadlala ihlaya elinonya. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho kanye nezwe, kubalulekile ukuvula izikhungo zemfundo ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuzibona ngokwabo futhi basize ukwakha amandla aqinile.

Enye yezincwadi usosayensi wathinta indaba yokuhamba. Ukholelwa ukuthi le mboni idinga ukuthuthukiswa futhi isetshenziswe kakhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze iRussia ingene ezingeni lokuhweba lomhlaba, kanye nokukhipha amaminerali ePacific, eSiberia naseNyakatho. Kulezi zindawo kufanele, ngokwemisebenzi yakhe, udlulise umgwaqo omkhulu wokuthutha.

ULomonosov wathinta isihloko sokusakaza ulwazi oluhlobene nomnotho. Omunye wemicabango yakhe kwakuwukukhululwa kwamaphephandaba okuzovumela bonke abahlali bezwe ukuba bazi isimo sezomnotho.

Umsebenzi kaLomonosov kule ndawo unikeze isiqalo ekudaleni umnotho onamandla nokuzinzile ozovela eRussia ngemva nje kokufa kososayensi.

Okuncane mayelana nokunye okufanelekayo kwe-academician

ULomonosov wenza izinto eziningi ezitholakala emkhakheni wolimi nezincwadi. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi kuye kwaba eyesibili, ngoba i-academician yayikhangwa kakhulu emasimini wesayensi yemvelo. Wathandwa yi-physics, meteorology, astronomy, chemistry, nezinye izayensi.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, u-Lomonosov wakwazi ukubona into engekho ngaphambili eyayikwazi ukuyenza. Ukutholakala ukuthi iVenus, ivela, inomkhathi ozungezile. Akekho wezazi zezinkanyezi wakwazi ukubona lesi simo, ngaphandle kweLomonosov. Umcimbi unyaka ka-1761 unyaka.

Inkumbulo yomuntu

Yonke imisebenzi kaLomonosov ifanelwe udumo oluyingqayizivele, ingomunye wabososayensi abambalwa abakhulu abazoqamba igama labo inzalo iminyaka eminingi.

Namuhla izikhungo eziningi zemfundo ziphethe isibongo sososayensi odumile. Ngomnyaka ka-1956, umdanso wakhe wasungulwa, okwakungatholakala kuphela ngabantu abavelele abasebenza emkhakheni wekhemistri kanye nezinye izazi zemvelo.

Ngoba konke okwenzekile, uLomonosov uphumelele kukho konke. Izinkambiso zomlando waseRussia ziyiqiniso futhi emva kwamakhulu eminyaka.