GDR kaZwelonke Yabantu Army

GDR (German Democratic Republic) - iyisimo etholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-Europe, futhi yathatha kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1990. Kungani lesi sikhathi lizimelele emlandweni? Yilokhu sizoxoxa ngani kulesi sihloko.

Okuncane GDR

Inhloko-dolobha ye-GDR baba East Berlin. Insimu elalihlala 6 yesimanje federal uthi Germany. GDR ngomyalo zokuphatha lahlukaniswa laba izindawo ezweni nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Berlin wayengamenywanga yimiphi 6 ezweni futhi ibe nesimo esibalulekile.

Ukudalwa GDR ibutho

GDR Army yadalwa 1956. Lalinama ezintathu amabutho: Army, Navy futhi Air Force. Novemba 12, 1955 Uhulumeni umemezele ukudalwa Bundeswehr - Armed Forces of the iFederal Republic of Germany. Januwari 18 ngonyaka ozayo, iye ngokusemthethweni evunywe uMthetho "On the kusungulwa i-National Yabantu Army kanye kumiswa uMnyango Kazwelonke Wezokuvikela." Ngawo lowo nyaka saqala ukuqhuba lezi zindondolo ahlukahlukene, ilawulwe Ministry, futhi owokuqala sub-NPA Bafunga lempi. Ngo-1959, i-Military Academy kuvula Engels, lapho abantu abasha baqeqeshelwa inkonzo esizayo. Wayengumngane nesandla ekumiseni wempi onamandla futhi esebenza kahle, njengoba uhlelo ukuqeqeshwa Bekulokhu kucatshangwa out nangemininingwane emincane kakhulu. Nokho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze 1962 amasosha GDR agcwaliswa umsebenzi.

Isakhiwo sase-GDR elahlanganiswa Saxon namazwe Prussian okuyinto phambilini obuwaziwa wahlala amaJalimane yizilwi kakhulu. Yibo labo babe yokuthi NPA isibe uyithonya elinamandla futhi eyanda ngokushesha kangaka. Prussians futhi Saxons ngokushesha wathutha ngokusebenzisa kwababusi, owawuhlala izikhundla lokuqala izikhulu ophakeme, bese ukuthatha ukuphathwa kwe-NPA. Futhi, qaphela isiyalo bendabuko yama-Jalimane, uthando ezindabeni zezempi, isipiliyoni ecebile Prussian ezempi kanye eziphambili ubuchwepheshe lempi, ngoba yonke into eyenziwe inani GDR ibutho cishe esinganqobeki.

umsebenzi

GDR ibutho liqala umsebenzi wayo ngo-1962, unyaka ePoland futhi Jalimane le aqondisa lokuqala yayiqhutshelwa, okwakuhilela amasosha kusukela basePoland ohlangothini Soviet. 1963 okuchaza emikhulu umzimba ezempi abizwa ngokuthi "Quartet", okuyinto ubuhanjelwe yiNPA, isi-Polish, eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia futhi amabutho aseSoviet.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inani lempi GDR kwakungu neze umxhwele, yibutho ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI lonke eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Amasosha wabonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu, okuyinto kakhulu wancika izifundo at the Academy of Engels. Labo ukujoyina ibutho ngomvuzo, abaqeqeshiwe kulo lonke amakhono futhi babe amathuluzi anamandla okubulala.

imfundiso

GDR kaZwelonke Yabantu Army kwadingeka imfundiso yalo, okuyinto ithuthukiswe bhukwana. Izimiso yenhlangano yempi esekelwe kuphikisa kwalo lonke postulates we impi Prussian-German. Iphuzu elibalulekile wemfundiso ukuqinisa ezomvikela ukuvikela uhlelo sezenhlalo yezwe. Endaweni ehlukile, wagcizelela ukubaluleka ngokubambisana neNhlangano amabutho emazweni sezenhlalo ahlangene.

Naphezu isifiso esikhulu Uhulumeni, National Yabantu Army sase-GDR ayikwazanga hlukanisani ngokuphelele bonke ubuhlobo ne zakudala amasiko empi aseJalimane. Army kancane wayekwenza amasiko asendulo yesigaba sabasebenzi nenkathi izimpi kaNapoleon.

UMthethosisekelo 1968 wawuthi National Yabantu Army sase-GDR yakhelwe ukuvikela insimu ka isimo, futhi izakhamuzi zalo ngokumelene nokungena sangaphandle kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yaphawula ukuthi wonke amabutho bayophonswa lokuvikeleka kanye nokuqinisa isimo sezenhlalo. Ukuze silondoloze amandla ayo ibutho igcina izixhumanisi eduze namanye amabutho.

inkulumo zezinombolo

GDR ibutho kazwelonke ngo 1987 kwakukhona abayizinkulungwane 120. amabutho ibutho kutsho lalinabashumayeli 9 VOP regiments ukwesekwa emoyeni eshalofini 1, 2 Ibutho anti-10 wezikhali regiments, njll GDR ibutho izikhali okuyinto kwakwanele wahlasela isitha nekhono lokusingatha izinsiza zabo, ukuziqambela, ukucabanga kahle indlela wezindlela.

ukuqeqeshwa

Ukuqeqeshwa amasosha ezenzeka esikhathini izikhulu ephakeme ibutho, owayevakashela cishe bonke abantu abasha. ukuthandwa Special wajabulela kushiwo ngaphambili Academy Engels, okuyinto ezikhiqizwa ochwepheshe. Ngu-1973, ibutho 90% lalinabashumayeli abalimi kanye nabo.

Isakhiwo ibutho

Insimu iJalimane yahlukaniswa yaba yizingxenye emikhandlwini emibili yezempi, futhi lokho kwaba ophethe Yabantu Army sase-GDR. Indlunkulu besifunda itholakala eLeipzig Neubrandenburg. Ngamisa kwaba ahlukene isibhamu nezisebenzi okuyinto akufakwanga iyiphi wesifunda isikhathi siqhubeka ngayinye yalezi eyayintula division ezimbili embonini yezezimoto, lamabutho missile 1 kanye 1 division zempi.

Amayunifomu ibutho

IMpumalanga Jalimane, ibutho laseSoviet kwaba yefomu ne red ukuma-up collar. Ngenxa yalokhu, yena wethiwa "canaries." Ibutho laseSoviet ibithwele isevisi phambi GB. Ngokushesha, kwaphakama umbuzo yokudala amafomu akho. Yamila, kodwa kakhulu lase lifana ukuma amaNazi. izaba kahulumeni kwaba ukuthi izinqolobane liyadingeka inani izingubo yokuthi ukukhiqizwa yayo Kumiswa futhi ayidingi kokungenela. Isizathu sokuba ukwamukelwa of ngaphezulu iyunifomu bendabuko kwakuwukuthi GDR akazange abe imali eshisiwe zezimali. Futhi, kugcizelelwa yokuthi uma ibutho zabantu, ifomu kufanele elihlobene ne-yesigaba sabasebenzi Folk isiko.

Ukuma GDR ibutho waphefumulela yokwesaba Esezalitshalwa elihlobene ne izikhathi amaNazi. Umlando usitshela ukuthi lapho ePrague wavakashela ibutho lempi, kwesigamu amaCzech namaRomany wabaleka bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene ukubona ukuma nesosha uma ligqoke isigqoko futhi Ababazi bakha ukuwuthukulula.

GDR ibutho, ogama iyunifomu akazange ihluke a okwakhe okukhulu, waba evelele umbala kwamangqamuzana. Ukukhonza lasemanzini egqoka izingubo okwesibhakabhaka. Isevisi Air Force begqoke umbala esiluhlaza, futhi umoya ukuzivikela futhi anti-aircraft missile amabutho egqoka iyunifomu ukukhanya-grey. amabutho Border akufanele igqoke umbala oluhlaza.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-kwamangqamuzana umbala kubonakala iyunifomu yamasosha Army. Wezikhali, amabutho emoyeni ukuzivikela futhi missile egqoka izingubo ngezitini ezibomvu, ezinezinjini - omhlophe, kokwehla - orange, nokwakhiwa lempi - omnqumo. inkonzo engemuva ibutho (imithi, ubulungiswa ezempi kanye Izikhungo lwezezimali), begqoke ifomu aluhlaza.

ngubo

Isisetshenziswa Army sase-GDR lalibalulekile ngempela. Ukushoda izikhali cishe wayengekho, ngokuthi iSoviet Union enikeziwe inqwaba imishini yesimanje lempi ngesikhathi intengo imali. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu athuthukile futhi eqonda GDR babe sniper izibhamu. Ministry Ngokusobala uMnyango KaHulumeni Wezokuphepha sase-GDR wenza umyalelo ukudalwa izikhali ezinjalo ukuze uqinise isikhundla amaqembu anti-amaphekula.

Army eCzechoslovakia

GDR ibutho yahlasela eCzechoslovakia ngo-1968, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala kwesikhathi kweziboshwa okubi kunakho konke amaCzech namaRomany. Ukuhlaselwa senzeka ngosizo amabutho wonke amazwe ilungu Warsaw Pact atheleka. Inhloso yalo mhlangano umsebenzi ensimini ka isimo, futhi isizathu - yokusabela kuya uchungechunge yezinguquko, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi "intwasahlobo yasePrague". Yazi inani eliqondile izisulu kunzima ngoba zomlando eziningi izohlala ivaliwe.

ibutho GDR BakaJehova eCzechoslovakia abangela isiyaluyalu ngesihluku, futhi abanye ubudlova. Abazibonele izenzakalo kukhunjulwe ukuthi amasosha kwakungekaNkulunkulu abantu ngaphandle umuzwa ngaphandle kokunaka abagulayo, abalimele kanye nezingane. ukwesaba eMiseni futhi rigidity engenabulungisa - lena indlela ungakwazi ukuchaza imisebenzi Wabantu Army. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye ababambiqhaza wakhuluma ngezenzakalo ibutho Russian akazange ngempela ibe nanoma imuphi umthelela amaviyo ka-GDR nokuthi wayesebona buthule sikhuthazele kabi amaCzech namaRomany ngemiyalo yezikhulu umyalo omkhulu.

Uma ungenalo acabangele umlando olusemthethweni, kuba ezithakazelisayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokusho kwabanye imithombo ibutho GDR engakaze busuka endaweni yeCzechoslovakia futhi baba imingcele isimo. Zonya GDR ibutho kazwelonke akakwazi ukuthola izaba, kodwa kufanele acabangele engqondo ukucindezeleka, ukukhathala umuzwa wecala ngawo amaJalimane waya ePrague. Umbuzo omayelana inani lokufa, kanye bangaki kubo babe yizinkulungwane izingozi ngempela, usalokhu uyimfihlakalo.

Ukwakheka Navy sase-GDR

Imikhumbi asolwandle sase-GDR sebutho onamandla kunayo yonke emazweni azihlanganisa USSR. Wayenezinkomo imikhumbi yesimanje ukuthi wangena kwegazi 1970-1980. Ngesikhathi kokuhlanganiswa German Navy has yempi 110 nezitsha ukwesekwa 69. Babefanele ngezinhloso ezehlukile, ngesikhathi esifanayo babe yesimanje kanye namalunga ahlonyiswe. Ihamba zakhiwa zaba shipyards kazwelonke eU.SSR Poland. Air Force yayinelungelo zabo 24 ifakwe indiza ngesikhathi. Izisebenzi we Navy zazilingana abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-16.

Enamandla kakhulu kwakuyilabo 3 imikhumbi wakha Zelenodolsk Shipyard e-USSR. Esikhathini Army sase-GDR kwaba isigaba esikhethekile nemikhumbi, zinezikhathi Ubukhulu icwecwe kakhulu.

Imisebenzi ngemva ubunye Germany

Okthoba 3, 1990 ubunye German iphutha. Kuleli qophelo, inani Army sase-GDR ilingana cishe izinkulungwane 90 abantu. Ngokusho ezinye zezizathu zezombusazwe, ibutho eqinile futhi enkulu ngokwanele yahlakazeka. Isiphathamandla namasosha avamile awaboniwe ngamasosha futhi ubudala babo alilahla. Abasebenzi abangu kancane kancane sichithiwe. Ezinye lempi wakwazi ukubuyela Bundeswehr, kodwa kwakungekho kuphela ezincane ezingeni izikhundla.

Uma uthathwa langakufanelekela ezempi ngo ibutho elisha, sisengakwazi ukuthola athole incazelo enengqondo. Bakhandwa wakhulela ngendlela ethile, begxilile iye aphikisanayo izimpokophelo eJalimane obumbene. Okuxakayo nje ukuthi lo hulumeni omusha unqume adayise noma bachithe iningi nezempi. Abaholi Germany ngenkuthalo ukucinga abahwebi abacebile ukuthengisa waqokela imishini yesimanje. Imikhumbi iyiswe lasolwandle Indonesian.

Uhulumeni wase-US sinesithakazelo esikhulu endleleni inqubo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela eJalimane futhi washesha ukuthenga ezinye bona. Inzalo enkulu savuswa esikebheni, ezazilethwa US Navy Research Center emzini uSolomoni. Ngenhla ke olwenziwa mass ucwaningo, kanjalo kwaba bemikhumbi otsenon kakhulu American. Ngenxa yalokho, kwathiwa waqaphela ukuthi PKA enjalo ukumela usongo enkulu United States Navy.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, hhayi umkhumbi eyodwa National Yabantu Army awuzange kufakwe Navy united eJalimane. Kulendaba yaphela Navy sase-GDR, imikhumbi engatholwa emazweni 8 ezahlukene.

ukudumala

Ngemva ubunye eJalimane, izwe bathokoza, kodwa izinkulungwane izikhulu ayengaphansi Yabantu Army basala kudingeka bazibonele. GDR ibutho sithombe okusesihlokweni esithi, Ngangididekile, udumazeke futhi okubi. Kungekudala, amasosha emelelwa elite umphakathi, kodwa manje ziye babe amanyela, okuyinto engafuni ukuthatha emsebenzini. Maduzane, izwe labantu ithé waqaphela ukuthi kwakunempikiswano okwakumelwe hhayi ubunye eJalimane, futhi ukumuncwa langempela umakhelwane entshonalanga.

Eyayike yaba sebuthweni lezempi umugqa angenzi lutho Ukuhwebelana ukuthola noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukuze bondle ngokwabo kanye nemindeni yabo. Bonke abasebenzi Uthole (ne gaba futhi aphansi) sase-GDR ngemva ubunye, kungcono ukubandlulula fojisa ngaphakathi yonke imikhakha yempilo.

Rank uhlelo

Izinhlu zamaphayona uhlelo NPA lalinabashumayeli timphawu we Wehrmacht. Amazinga kanye timphawu ziye ucabangisisa ingashintshwa ukuze isimiso samaSoviet Army, njengoba isikali walo wawenziwe uhlukile German. Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezimbili, ibutho GDR idale okuthile eyabo. Ojenene zahlukaniswa 4 elisezingeni Marshal sase-GDR, Jikelele weZempi, uLieutenant General futhi uLieutenant General. Isiphathamandla lalinabashumayeli le colonels uLieutenant colonels, majors, izinduna lieutenants. Okulandelayo waya esigatshaneni amaphoyisa, sergeants namasosha.

GDR kaZwelonke Yabantu Army kukaJesu isikhathi kwaba nethonya elinamandla ezingase kakhulu ukushintsha inkambo yomlando emhlabeni. Ukudalelwa kwaba yokuthi amasosha awuzange owethula lolu daba ukuze ubonise bonke amandla akhe njengoba kuvimbe ubunye eJalimane, okwaholela nokwahlukana ephelele NPA.