Inqubomgomo angaphandle eU.SSR ngo 1953-1964 GG. Umlando wase-USSR

Ukubuyekeza inqubomgomo angaphandle zeSoviet Union, baqala ngemva kokufa kukaStalin. Ngo-50-yalolucwaningo. Malenkov wakhuluma 'osenyameni "ukungezwani e kwamaZwe. Esesizokuhlola izici ehlukile inqubomgomo angaphandle zaseSoviet iminyaka 1953-1964.

zezivumelwano zokuthula

Inqubomgomo angaphandle yase-USSR eminyakeni 1953-1964 iye udzimelela ukusungulwa nokubambisana elinokuthula nelilondekile Okusizayo kunenzuzo namazwe angaphandle. Ngesikhathi isinyathelo we ubuholi Soviet, izivumelwano eziningi Ukhishiwe. Ngakho, ngo-1953, July 27, wasayina ukuxolelana eKorea. Izindlela eziyinhloko ekunciphiseni kwaphinde kwaba nokungezwani kwezigodi emhlabeni nesigaba ubuholi wezwe oboné ukwanda kwezindawo wokubambisana nezinye izifundazwe. Ngo-1955, 25 Januwari, Ephakeme KaHulumeni ye-Armed Forces kwavunyelwana ngesinqumo somthetho, yaphela isimo impi ne Germany. Ngo-September ka lowo nyaka, inhloko uhulumeni eJalimane lafika eMoscow. Phakathi nalokhu kuvakasha kwakhe, yafakazela enobudlelwane nge eNtshonalanga Jalimane. Ngo-1955, maphakathi nonyaka ka-May, isivumelwano esasayinwa ne-Austria. Ngokuhambisana ke njengoba isimo impi ke wayekwa. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we sisungula ubukhosi futhi isiqinisekiso hlangothi.

Ngo-1956, iSoviet Union wabuya insimu yaqashiswa of Finland - Porkkala Udd, lapho kwakukhona khona base wamabutho asolwandle Union. Phakathi no-June Karelian-Finnish inyunyana republic yaguqulwa ezimele. Futhi ngo-1956, ku-19 Okthoba, Japan ne-Soviet Union wakhipha isimemezelo ku ukubuyiselwa enobudlelwane kanye ukumisa isimo wezempi. Ekupheleni kuka-50s eSoviet Union kwaba izinkontileka ukuhweba ahlobene njengoba kungabantu abangaphezulu kuka-70 uthi.

inqubomgomo angaphandle Soviet 1953-1964 (kafushane)

Izindawo ezimqoka zihlonzwe ngesikhathi XX Party Congress. Khrushchev kwamenyezelwa emhlanganweni ukungabikho kwesiphetho nempi yezwe ozayo, ekhomba kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene ushintsho ohlelweni sezenhlalo kanye nokuhlalisana ngokuthula lamazwe ne izinhlelo ezahlukene zezombusazwe. Ngo imibhalo sale congress kwagcizelelwa ukwethembeka kokuphindela eSoviet Union ezimisweni ukuzimela nobukhosi, ngokubambisana neNhlangano amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Khrushchev umangalele ukuthi emhlabeni co-khona isimo uba uhlobo oluthile yomzabalazo wezigaba. It akufaki izindlela lempi kuphela futhi asisebenzi imibono. Ngo-1957 i-Ministry of Foreign Affairs iholwa ohlakaniphile ezinkulu Gromyko. Ministry Foreign kwaba ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe kuze 1985. Gromyko enza khona umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni inqubo ukuxoxisana ekusungulweni lokulawula izingalo uhlanga.

Izinguquko emfundisweni lempi

Ngo-1956, yabonisa okuthile of Soviet inqubomgomo angaphandle 1953-1964. Inani lamazwe angaphandle kwakhiwa amayunithi, omisebenzi yakhe yayihloselwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuqeda ithonya amazwe sezenhlalo kanye kumiswa itjhaphuluko kazwelonke ezizwe wamakoloni.

Ngo-1956, e- imfundiso lempi yeSoviet Union-ke uye phansi izinguquko. Bakhandwa kubangelwa ushintsho kusuka ukusetshenziswa mass amasosha enkundleni lwempi ukuba missile futhi standoff zenuzi. Eyokuqala iye ngempumelelo ihlolwe InterContinental missile ballistic emhlabeni ngo-1957 Wawunodonga uhla enkulu futhi akwazi ukuxoxa US indawo. Kusukela ngo-1959 kwaqalwa ukukhiqizwa serial la kweminsalo, kulandele kuhlomisa amabutho emoyeni ukuzivikela, emoyeni kanye ahamba, waqala ukwakhiwa kwamanzi missile yenuzi imikhumbi. Melika ubukele konke lokhu, bayaqonda ukuthi eSoviet Union angase aziphindiselele kahle uma kwenzeka impi entsha.

Ingxabano US

Naphezu Yakha asebenzayo missile yenuzi ezingaba, inqubomgomo angaphandle yase-USSR 1953-1964 GG. namanje sigxile netjhebiswano neenarha kuyo yonke imikhakha. ngaleyo ndlela Ukhiye nobuhlobo-United States. Kusukela 15 kuya 27 September 1959 kwaba ukuvakasha Khrushchev sika eMelika. Phakathi Khrushchev yakhe basamukela Eisenhower wakhuluma neNational Press Club, futhi-UN General Assembly, wahlangana abalimi nosomabhizinisi. Ehlobo lika-1961 waya obekumele ukubuyela ukuvakashelwa US President sika. Kodwa ngo-May 1 ngesikhathi kokuhlala Mausoleum Khrushchev ngafunda ukuthi US inhloli indiza intruded ku wezasemoyeni wezwe futhi wadutshulwa phansi eduze Sverdlovsk. Ubuholi Soviet ithumele inothi bekhalaza. Ukuphendula uhulumeni wakhe Melika kuthiwe "Iphutha olwandle" ngoba wayengazi ukuthi umshayeli we indiza, kuphambene imiyalelo, usaphila, futhi bashaya yena. Ngakho, wayiswa isiboshwa. iziphathimandla zaseSoviet ukhiphe ubufakazi umshayeli ne-United States sabanjwa amanga. Eisenhower wenqaba ukuba uxolise. Ukuhambela kwakhe eU.SSR sahoxiswa.

izinkulumo ezintsha

Inqubomgomo sangaphandle eU.SSR ngo 1953-1964 GG. Kusolwa ukuma eqinile lizwe enkundleni yomhlaba ngendlela Ukwakha-up of kwezempi-industrial ezingaba khona. Lena, ngaphandle kokungabaza, yezingxabano ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni kuka-June 1961 ubuholi Soviet ubambe izingxoxo nezinhlaka Kennedy eVienna. La maqembu uzamile nizoxoxa ngombuzo German futhi iyakwenqabela ukuhlolwa zenuzi. Khrushchev ahlinzekwa ukuthi basayinde isivumelwano ukuthula Germanys ezimbili ngokuhambisana ekhona imingcele de empeleni waba, ngokumemezela West Berlin idolobha khulula. Kodwa kulesi siphakamiso sinqatshelwe. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Kennedy ayikwazanga ukuthola ukuvinjelwa ukuhlolwa zenuzi. UDonga LwaseBerlin yayakhiwe 13 Agasti. It sekuyinkinga samuntu wangempela "Lensimbi" ukuthi ihlukaniswe Europe. Ngo-September, iSoviet Union, adikile isivumelwano United States lokuvala ukuqhuma kwezikhali zenuzi, olwenziwa kokuxilongwa.

I-Cuban Missile crisis

Inqubomgomo angaphandle eU.SSR ngo 1953-1964 GG. Kuye udzimelela ukusungulwa silinganiso sokulwa-United States. Ngo-1962, kwaba khona ingozi ukuze ubudlelwane bala mazwe. Isimo saba sibi kakhulu ngokuqondene isinqumo ukubeka iSoviet Union ngo-Cuba bamukela ezicitshwayo naphakathi-range. Melika, esikhundleni salokho, waqala ukulungiselela ayehlasela. Nokho, cishe ngaleso sikhathi sokugcina ingxoxo yocingo Khrushchev kwathi uKennedy, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho abaholi behluleka ukufinyelela ebucayini. E-US, ekugcineni esephetha ezicitshwayo kusuka Turkey ne-Soviet Union - Cuba.

I-Cuban missile crisis kubhekwa apogee ka kwesimo phakathi kwe-USSR futhi West. Ngemva kokuqala inkathi détente isihlobo. Ngo-1963, e Moscow, inkontileka kwaphethwa ngokuthi phakathi kweSoviet Union, eBrithani naseMelika lokuvala zenuzi ukuhlolwa kwamanzi, emkhathini kanye emkhathini. Ngesikhashana nje isivumelwano bajoyine emazweni angaphezu kuka-100. Ngemva kokufa Kennedy futhi Khrushchev osenyameni inqubo kuphazamisekile.

ATS

Inqubomgomo angaphandle eU.SSR ngo 1953-1964 GG. Kwakuthinta okubhekiswe ekusunguleni nokubambisana asigcini nje ngokulalela okushiwoyo West, kodwa futhi nomakhelwane balo abaseduze. Ekamu sezenhlalo ngesikhathi lalinabashumayeli eRomania, eBulgaria, Poland, eCzechoslovakia, eMpumalanga Jalimane, Hungary, Albania. Teaming up ne-Soviet Union, baye wadala ATS (Warsaw Pact atheleka). abahlanganyeli wayo wathatha phezu kwabo isibopho zokubasiza mutual usongo lempi, nobambiswano nokulondeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba kokubonisana ngezindaba eziphathelene izithakazelo ezivamile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala kumiswa elinobunye ibutho umyalo jikelele.

CMEA

Inqubomgomo angaphandle eU.SSR ngo 1953-1964 GG. Kulindeleke emikhulu usizo emazweni kwekamu sezenhlalo e ekwakheni izakhiwo zezimboni ezindaweni zabo. Isikhungo ayisihluthulelo ubudlelwane baba kuMkhandlu Mutual Economic Usizo (CMEA). izindawo Njengoba ezibalulekile zokubambisana kwakuyilawa:

1. Lubhekele umnotho izinhlelo zikazwelonke.
2. Trade.
3. izibopho Cultural.
4. Cooperation emkhakheni wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe.

Ngalokhu ukubambisana kamuva bajoyine Cuba. . Eminyakeni 1958-1964, nangokwesinqumo sokwahlulela we CMEA, lakhiwa iphayiphi "Druzhba" - kunazo zonke emhlabeni. ubude balo ezingaphezu kuka 4.5 ayizinkulungwane. Km. Ngo 1959-1962 GG. jikelele uhlelo lukagesi sidalwe "Umhlaba." Ayeyazi inethiwekhi eSoviet Union futhi emazweni sezenhlalo yeYurophu. Kulokhu, iningi izindleko Kusolwa i-USSR. Ubuholi Soviet futhi wazama yokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bethu eYugoslavia. Ngo-1955, i-isimemezelo Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi abamele amazwe, owawuthi ezindaweni ezenzelwe zokubambisana amasiko, kwezomnotho nesayensi sphere.

izingxabano

Izici inqubomgomo angaphandle zaseSoviet iminyaka 1953-1964. ka kunqunywa ukuphishekela ubuholi Soviet ukusungula socialism. Nokho, ithonya "ncibilika 'laholela izinqubo yeningi kanye de-Stalinization kwamanye amazwe ahlangene. Baqala ukuvela ukwahlukana phakathi kwamazwe. Bakhandwa ikakhulukazi ezihlobene ukuhamba zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kusukela izimiso osungulwe futhi ukuvula ukuphazamiseka yayo ezindabeni zangaphakathi kwezinye izifundazwe. Phakathi no-June 1953, e-East Berlin uqale ukudlala ukuze ubunye eJalimane. Ehlobo lika-1956 imiboniso yayiqhutshelwa Poland. Lapha Abasebenzi bangena esitelekeni, befuna kokugumbuqelwa nobukhomanisi. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuholi obusha wezwe. Ngo-October 1956 zabhikisha Kwagqashuka Hungary. Zacindezelwa amabutho anti-sezenhlalo kubaholi isimo yamemezela sokuhoxisa kusukela ATM. Nokho, ekuqaleni kuka-Novemba kuya amabutho aseSoviet kwangena, okuyinto wacindezela kuvukela Hungarian.

Inqubomgomo angaphandle eU.SSR ngo 1953-1964 GG. Izibalo zikhombe ngakho ukuzinikela lobuholi ukulondoloza e-United ka eNingizimu-Eastern futhi imodeli-Central European zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni.