Yuri Khmelnitsky: Biography emfushane, ezombusazwe, phakathi nokubusa

Omunye izibalo eyindida kunazo zonke emlandweni-Ukrainian kuyinto Yuri Khmelnitsky. INdodana mlando omkhulu Bogdan wathola umbono okuyinto siyahluka kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi siyini isikhundla sabo ngemibono. Kodwa wonke amalungu omndeni uyavuma ukuthi indodana yamakhono akhe kakhulu kunabayeni uyise. Biography Yuriya Hmelnitskogo kuyoba isihloko siyihlole.

ebuntwaneni

Yuri Khmelnitsky wazalwa emhlabeni 1641 epulazini eliseduze Chigirina ngeMigqibelo emkhayeni elincane wohlanga olukhulu Ukrainian Bogdan (Zinovy) Khmelnitsky futhi Anna Semyonovna Somko, udadewabo Ngokuzayo esebenza hetman Yakov Somko. Ngaphandle kwakhe, umndeni kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa ngaphezulu: 3 abafana namantombazane 4.

Mayelana neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila Yuri cishe akukho, eyaziwa ngaphandle ukuthi ehlala noyise nonina ekhaya ipulazi.

Ukuphila komkhaya Khmelnytsky futhi wonke e-Commonwealth ishintshile kakhulu kusukela 1647, lapho ngeMigqibelo wenza ukuphangwa kuphangwa siqu isitha wohlanga olukhulu Bogdan Daniel Czapliński. Yena zonakale ifa, lapho inhloko yomkhaya ekhaya, futhi babhaxabulwa nengxenye ekufeni enye yamadodana akhe.

sempi

Engafumani ukuthi angamngenisa umkhandlu esisemthethweni ukubuswa wohlanga olukhulu, Bohdan Khmelnytsky ekuqaleni 1648 e-Ukraine, kwakhalisa abaningi kuvukela ethandwa bamelana nokubusa Polish. The main ukushayela force of kwavukelwa kwaba Zaporozhye Cossacks, okuyinto hetman ngonyaka ofanayo Bogdan Zinovy wakhethwa.

I impumelelo kokuqala lokhu kubhikisha babe umxhwele, njengoba ibutho Cossack e umfelandawonye YaseCrimea AmaTatar bakwazi ukusinqanda iningi manje eyi-Ukraine. Namanje sezombusazwe Bogdan Khmelnitsky wayengekho eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, futhi njengoba imidlalo yi-ekhaphethini uchungechunge sokukhaphela waphoqeleka e 1651 ukungena ngemvume ezweni disadvantageous Belotserkovskii lokho kwakusho ukulahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu ezindaweni.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky ukuthi ngaphandle qinile sizana akusiyo ukunqoba impi. On Pereiaslav Rada ngoJanuwari 1654 isinqumo Kwavunyelwana ukwamukelwa of Russian yisakhamuzi yinkosi. Ngemva kwalokho, i-Russia ilwa Poland.

Yuri Khmelnitsky, ngokungafani umfowabo omdala Timosha, ngenxa ebuntwaneni zakuqala, ingxenye ngokuqondile imikhankaso yezempi kayise bengalamukeli. Ngemva Timosha wabulawa 1653 ngesikhathi eqhuba umkhankaso Moldova, Yuri kwaba uwukuphela kwendodana Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, njengoba abafowabo babephendukile ushone ngasekuqaleni. Wathunyelwa uyise ukufunda e Kiev Collegium.

Ngemva kokuqeda izifundo zakhe eneminyaka engu elishumi elinamithandathu esiluthole kubaba wakhe, Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman kwathiwa. Okungukuthi, Bogdan ingabe uzilungiselele ifa amandla ngemva kokufa kwakhe, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-1657 yisifo sohlangothi.

Ngemva kokushona kukayise

Yuri eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha emva kokufa okuzumayo uyise wayengekho ukulungele ukuthatha izintambo zokuphatha isimo. Nakuba ingxenye Cossacks wamemezela kuye hetman, kodwa Chigirinskaya Rada Usayitsheni wakhetha inhloko umabhalane jikelele (i-analogo we likaShansela European) Ivana Vygovskogo. Yury Bogdanovich waphoqeleka ukuba badedele izikhundla esivuna ikhandidethi nakho.

Ivan Vygovskyy kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala kwaholela esizimele inchubomgomo yembuso Russian. Wayekholelwa ukuthi Tsar Russian kwephula izivumelwano kokuqala inyunyana. Vygovskyy waya rapprochement ne Poland ezaholela ekumiseni isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka Hadiach 1658. It enikeziwe tekufakwa Ukraine (Duchy grand Russian) e ingxenye Poland, emigomeni elilinganayo Lithuania nePoland.

Lesi sivumelwano kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise kuqhekeka kwababusi Cossack. Baningi abadala Cossacks elula ayemelene rapprochement ne Poland kulo futhi wahlala eqotho Russian Tsar. Ukuhlukaniswa kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise engu-amathathu impi yombango e-Ukraine, inkathi eye okuthiwa emanxiweni. Phakathi ukulwa phakathi kwamasosha Russian, okuyinto lithole ukusekelwa zithembekile enkosini we Cossacks, amasosha Vygovskogo, lona wamuva wahlulwa futhi ephoqwa ngo-1659 ukuba abalekele Poland.

hetman yesibili

Ngemva kokubaleka Vygovskogo, Cossack izikhulu zanquma kukhetha Hetman entsha. Omunye abasekeli kunazo asebenzayo we-Vygovskogo wagudluzwa kwadingeka umalume ku Yuri likanina - uColonel Yakov Somko, yena methyl esikhundleni inhloko Cossacks. Kodwa Olwa esiyinhloko wayeyindodana Velikogo Bogdana - nesishiyagalombili Yuri. Udumo ubaba wayehlose ikhadi layo trump. Futhi kule Rada ngo-1659 e-White Church yomnyango hetman Yuri Khmelnitsky sivunyiwe. Phakathi nokubusa Hetman (1659 -. 1685) kwaqondana nenkathi yezincithakalo wezimpi ezalandela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhetho yakhe, Yuri ithunyelwa Rada e White Isonto umuntu othembekile kayise - Ivana Bryuhovetskogo, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo kuyoba phezu hetman ka Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine.

In the new Rada lathatha isinqumo phezu sicelo Russian Tsar yokusakazeka amalungelo Cossacks. Ikakhulukazi, kuye kwaba nemibuzo ephakanyiswayo ngale amandla eqinisa we Hetman kanye ukuzimela Ukraine Church. Kodwa-ke uhlu lwezikhalazo sinqatshiwe umbusi bobukhosi Troubetzkoy. Wabuye safuna kabusha ujabule yi Cossacks Imaphi amalungelo elinganiselwe nakakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa izikhathi Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.

ukuhlukanisa Ukraine

Ngo-1660 amabutho Russian ngaphansi kobuholi wohlanga olukhulu Sheremetyev waphikisana nendikimba-Commonwealth. Ukuze umbusi wayengumuntu ukuze ujoyine Yuri Khmelnitsky nge Cossacks yakhe, kodwa wangabaza ngoba wobugwala. Wayefika ngemva kwesikhathi futhi wayezungezwe amasosha asePoland, esephuze isikhathi ukuvimbezela Sheremetyevo.

Zacindezelwa Yuri Foreman waphoqeleka ukuba asayine inkontileka entsha Commonwealth. Endaweni sokulungiselela, yena waba okuthiwa Slobodyshche indatshana. Lesi sivumelwano bekulokhu ngezindlela eziningi esifana Gadyachsky, kodwa ukunikeza inkululeko ngaphansi sabantu Ukraine, ikakhulukazi, akazange anikeze i ukuzimela. Yuri Khmelnitsky waphoqeleka ukuba abancengele babuswe inkosi yasePoland.

Leli qiniso Kwakungebona esilindele ingxenye enkulu kwabadala bese Cossacks. Enqaba ukuba balalele futhi Yuri wakhetha esebenza hetman uColonel Somko, okuyinto asekelwe umbuso Russian. Ngaphansi kokulawula Yuriya Hmelnitskogo kwaba kuphela kwesokudla ebhange-Ukraine. Ngakho, Little Russia engaphezu kweyikhulu ubudala empeleni bahlukana baba izigaba ezimbili: ibhange kwesokudla Polish yanjalo waqaphela futhi umthetho WaseTurkey, futhi ibhange kwesokunxele - amandla Tsar Russian.

ukushiyeka entsha

Ukuzama ukuba siphinde sithole ukulawula yonke insimu Ukraine, futhi sithembele ukusekelwa-Commonwealth, Yuri Khmelnitsky abe eseqala ukuhamba ewela phezu Left Bank. Okokuqala, kancane yaphumelela, kodwa ngemva azowalekelela Somko waluthola amabutho Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-Boyar Romodanovsky, le hetman kwesokudla yasebhange lahluleka kabuhlungu Kanev ehlobo 1662.

Misa amabutho Russian Khmelnitsky ubengase ukuphetha umfelandawonye YaseCrimea khan. Ngakho ukunqoba wayengekho yokufaneleka kwalo. Njengoba umkhuzi yabonisa ukwehluleka wako Yuri Khmelnitsky, umgomo wakhe kuhlulekile, inkazimulo uyise wayengasakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesokudla yasebhange hetman. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni 1662 waphoqeleka ukuba badedele izikhundla esivuna uColonel pavla Teteri, waba indela ngaphansi igama lomninawa wakhe, uGideyoni.

limbo

Kodwa le ndodana kwezigigaba Bogdana Hmelnitskogo kwakungesona isiphelo. Paul Teteria aqala ukusola kwakhe ngilangazelela futhi uthathe indawo ye Hetman futhi amajaji ke begqunywa ejele e-1664 e Lviv inqaba. Kuphela ngemva kokufa Hetman Khmelnytsky e 1667, wadedelwa endle futhi baqala bahlala Uman sezindela.

Ukuthatha ingxenye emkhandlwini Cossack e 1668, Yuri Khmelnitsky ekuqaleni wasekela orientation pro-Turkish entsha kwesokudla yasebhange hetman uPetru Doroshenko ezathatha yisakhamuzi WaseTurkey, kodwa wabe esedlulela uhlangothi nje umphikisi wakhe Mihaila Hanenko.

Kwelinye belwa AmaTatar Yuri yena elathunjwa nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi Istanbul. Nokho, ukuboshwa Turkish for the langaphambili Hetman kwakuhunyushwa ukhululekile.

futhi hetman

Ngemva kokuba uPetru Doroshenko wenqaba Hetmanate ngahlanganyela yisakhamuzi isiRashiya, kwaba sobala ukuthi kungani abaseTurkey beqotho Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu. Sultan bekubona njengoba umfundi isipele okuthunyelwe ka Hetman. Ngempela, ngokombono abaseTurkey, ke Lifanele salokhu indodana isikhundla Bogdan. Yuriya Hmelnitskogo izici avumela ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuzoba abangenamandla ngokuphelele ukwenza kule line, eyayinqamula edingekayo abaseTurkey, ngoba kusukela kuye ayengayisebenzisa ulindele noma yisiphi isenzo esizimele.

Ngakho, ngo-1876, uYuri uphinde waqoka Hetman, kulokhu-Turkish Sultan. Waba khona umkhankaso wokulwa abaseTurkey Chigirin, bese wayehlala kulo leli dolobha emzini Nemiroff.

ukubulawa

Ukungakwazi bakwazi ukuphatha ngempela amazwe Ukraine, Yuri Khmelnitsky laqala ukuhlela ekukhishweni izikhonzi zakhe siqu. Lezi zenzakalo ziboniswa portrait ezimbi ukukhanya Yuriya Hmelnitskogo. Dlala eside wokubusa Hetman yaphela ngo 1681, lapho abaseTurkey emthumela omunye ziqhingi zase-Aegean.

Kukhona theory owawuthi Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman owamiswa abaseTurkey kanye ngaphezulu - 1683. Kodwa wabuye waqhubeka ukweqisa, njengasekuqaleni. Lokhu kwabathukuthelisa Turkish Pasha owanikhuphula George kuyi Kamenetz-Podolsk, lapho abulawa 1685.

izici Jikelele

ukuphila Kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinezinhlekelele wahlala Yuri Khmelnitsky. Umlando Omfushane lokhu ngabanye sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi yithi. Mangisho ukuthi izazi-mlando eziningi ziyavumelana ukuthi wayengumuntu ababuthakathaka-willed engajabule isikhathi eside ezama limbo. Singasho ukuthi Yuri Khmelnitsky kwaba yithoyizi izintshisekelo zezombangazwe zakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela psyche yakhe, okwaholela ekutheni kube sekupheleni kokuphila ku okungenasisekelo isigwebo izifundo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumelwe bathi asikazi okuncane izisusa nezenzo eyayisenhliziyweni yale ndoda. Ngisho ngenhlonipho kokufa kwakhe, kukhona ukungavumelani phakathi mlando.